FAQ

I-Semaglutidei-glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist esetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ukulawula amazinga kashukela egazini ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. I-GLP-1 iyi-hormone engapheli ekhiqizwa amaseli e-L emathunjini amancane ngemva kokudla, edlala izindima eziningi zomzimba. I-Semaglutide ilingisa izenzo zomzimba ze-GLP-1 futhi ilawula ushukela wegazi nesisindo ngezindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko:

1. Ukuthuthukiswa kokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin: I-GLP-1 ivuselela ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin kuma-β-cell e-pancreatic lapho amazinga eglucose ephakanyisiwe, okusiza ukwehlisa ushukela wegazi. I-Semaglutide ithuthukisa le nqubo ngokwenza i-GLP-1 receptor isebenze, ikakhulukazi idlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni i-postprandial hyperglycemia. Le ndlela yenza i-Semaglutide ikwazi ukunciphisa ngempumelelo ama-spikes e-post-meal glucose, ithuthukise ukulawulwa okuphelele kwe-glycemic ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-2.
2. Ukuvinjwa kweGlucagon Secretion: I-Glucagon iyihomoni ekhiqizwa amaseli e-pancreatic α akhuthaza ukukhululwa kweglucose esibindini lapho amazinga eglucose esegazini ephansi. Kodwa-ke, ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, ukukhiqizwa kwe-glucagon kuvame ukukhuphuka ngokungavamile, okuholela ekukhuphukeni kwamazinga kashukela egazini. I-Semaglutide ivimbela ukugcinwa ngokweqile kwe-glucagon ngokwenza i-GLP-1 receptor isebenze, isiza futhi ukwehlisa amazinga kashukela egazini.
3. Ukwehliswa Kokukhipha Isisu: I-Semaglutide iphinde ibambezele izinga lokuthuthwa kwesisu, okusho ukuthi ukuhamba kokudla okuvela esiswini kuya emathunjini amancane kubambezelekile, okuholela ekukhuphukeni kancane kancane kwamazinga e-glucose yegazi ngemva kokudla. Lo mphumela awusizi nje kuphela ukulawula i-postprandial blood glucose kodwa futhi ukhulisa umuzwa wokugcwala, unciphisa ukudla okudlayo kanye nokusiza ekulawuleni isisindo.

Ngaphandle kwemiphumela yayo ekulawuleni i-glucose yegazi, i-Semaglutide ibonise izinzuzo ezibalulekile zokulahlekelwa isisindo, okwenza kube ikhandidethi yokwelashwa kokukhuluphala. Ukunciphisa isisindo akuzuzisi ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela kuphela kodwa nakubantu abangenaso isifo sikashukela abakhuluphele ngokweqile.

Indlela eyingqayizivele nokusebenza komtholampilo kwe-Semaglutide kuyenza isidakamizwa esibalulekile ekulawuleni isifo sikashukela. Ukwengeza, njengoba ucwaningo luqhubeka, ukusetshenziswa okungenzeka kwe-Semaglutide ekuvikelweni kwenhliziyo kanye nokwelashwa kokukhuluphala kuthola ukunakwa. Kodwa-ke, eminye imiphumela emibi, njengokungakhululeki kwamathumbu kanye nesicanucanu, kungenzeka ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwe-Semaglutide, ngakho-ke kufanele isetshenziswe ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwezokwelapha.

I-Liraglutideiyi-glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist esetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ekwelapheni uhlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela kanye nokukhuluphala. I-GLP-1 iyihomoni ekhiqizwa amaseli e-L emathunjini amancane ngemva kokudla, futhi idlala izindima eziningi ekulawuleni ushukela wegazi. I-Liraglutide ilingisa isenzo se-GLP-1, inemiphumela eminingana ebalulekile yomzimba:

1. Ukuthuthukiswa kokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin: Lapho amazinga kashukela egazini enyuka, i-GLP-1 ivuselela ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin kuma-pancreatic β-cell, okusiza ukwehlisa amazinga kashukela egazini. I-Liraglutide ithuthukisa le nqubo ngokwenza i-GLP-1 receptor isebenze, ikakhulukazi ithuthukisa ukulawulwa kweglucose yegazi ngesikhathi se-postprandial hyperglycemia. Lokhu kwenza i-Liraglutide isetshenziswe kabanzi ekulawuleni amazinga kashukela wegazi ngemuva kokudla ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.
2. Ukuvinjwa kweGlucagon Secretion: I-Glucagon iyihomoni ekhiqizwa amaseli e-pancreatic α ngokuvamile akhuthaza ukukhululwa kweglucose esibindini lapho amazinga eglucose esegazini ephansi. Kodwa-ke, ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, ukukhiqizwa kwe-glucagon kuvame ukukhuphuka ngokungavamile, okuholela emazingeni aphezulu eglucose egazini. I-Liraglutide isiza ukulawula ushukela wegazi ngokuvimbela ukukhiqizwa kwe-glucagon, yehlisa ukuguquguquka kweglucose yegazi ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela.
3. Ukubambezeleka Kokukhipha Isisu: I-Liraglutide ibuye ibambezele ukuphuma kwesisu, okusho ukuthi ukuhamba kokudla kusuka esiswini kuya emathunjini amancane kubambezelekile, okuholela ekwenyukeni kancane kwamazinga kashukela wegazi ngemuva kokudla. Lo mphumela awusizi nje kuphela ukulawula ushukela wegazi kodwa futhi ukhulisa umuzwa wokugcwala, wehlise ukudla okudlayo futhi usize iziguli ukuthi zilawule isisindo sazo.
4. Ukuphathwa Kwesisindo: Ngaphezu kwemiphumela yayo ekulawuleni ushukela wegazi, i-Liraglutide ikhombise izinzuzo ezibalulekile zokuncipha kwesisindo. Lokhu ikakhulukazi ngenxa yemiphumela yako ekunciphiseni ukuphuma kwesisu kanye nokwanda kokusutha, okuholela ekunciphiseni kokudla kwe-caloric nokulahlekelwa isisindo. Ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo ngempumelelo ekwehliseni isisindo, i-Liraglutide nayo isetshenziswa ekwelapheni ukukhuluphala, ikakhulukazi ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela esinokukhuluphala ngokweqile.
5. Ukuvikelwa Kwenhliziyo: Ucwaningo lwakamuva lukhombisile ukuthi iLiraglutide nayo inemiphumela yokuvikela inhliziyo, inciphisa ubungozi bezehlakalo zenhliziyo. Lokhu kuholele ekusetshenzisweni kwayo ngokwandayo ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela kanye nesifo senhliziyo.

Kafushane, i-Liraglutide ilawula ushukela wegazi nesisindo ngezindlela eziningi, idlala indima ebalulekile ekulawulweni kwesifo sikashukela futhi ikhombisa amandla ekwelapheni ukukhuluphala kanye nokuvikelwa kwenhliziyo. Kodwa-ke, eminye imiphumela emibi, njengokucanuzela kwenhliziyo, ukuhlanza, kanye ne-hypoglycemia, kungenzeka ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwe-Liraglutide, ngakho-ke kufanele isetshenziswe ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwezokwelapha ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle.

I-Tirzepatideiwumuthi omusha we-peptide osebenza kabili oklanyelwe ukwenza kanyekanye i-glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptors kanye ne-glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptors. Le agonism yama-receptor amabili inika i-Tirzepatide izinzuzo ezihlukile zomtholampilo ekulawuleni uhlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela nokulawula isisindo.

1. I-GLP-1 Receptor AgonismI-GLP-1 iyi-hormone engapheli ekhiqizwa amaseli e-L emathunjini ngemva kokudla, ikhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin, ivimbela ukukhululwa kwe-glucagon, futhi ibambezele ukuphuma kwesisu. I-Tirzepatide ithuthukisa le miphumela ngokwenza kusebenze ama-GLP-1 receptors, esiza ekwehliseni ngempumelelo amazinga kashukela egazini, ikakhulukazi ekulawulweni kweglucose yangemva kokudla. Ukwengeza, ukwenziwa kusebenze kwe-GLP-1 receptor kukhulisa ukusutha, kunciphisa ukudla futhi kusize ekwehleni kwesisindo.
2. I-GIP Receptor Agonism: I-GIP ingenye ihomoni ye-incretin ekhiqizwe ama-K-cell emathunjini, akhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin futhi alawule ukwakheka kwamafutha. I-Tirzepatide iphinde ithuthukise ukugcinwa kwe-insulin ngokuvula ama-receptors e-GIP futhi ibe nemiphumela emihle ku-fat tissue metabolism. Le ndlela yokusebenza ekabili inika i-Tirzepatide inzuzo enkulu ekuthuthukiseni ukuzwela kwe-insulin, ukwehlisa amazinga kashukela egazini, nokulawula isisindo.
3. Ukukhipha Isisu Okubambezelekile: I-Tirzepatide iphinde ibambezele ukuphuma kwesisu, okusho ukuthi ukunyakaza kokudla kusuka esiswini kuya emathunjini amancane kuyahamba kancane, okuholela ekukhuphukeni kancane kancane kwamazinga eglucose wegazi ngemva kokudla. Lo mphumela awusizi nje kuphela ukulawula i-glucose yegazi kodwa futhi ukhulisa umuzwa wokugcwala, unciphise nakakhulu ukudla.
4. Ukuphathwa Kwesisindo: Ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okukabili kwe-GLP-1 ne-GIP receptors, i-Tirzepatide ibonise imiphumela ebalulekile ekulawulweni kwesisindo. Ucwaningo lwezokwelapha luye lwabonisa ukuthi i-Tirzepatide inganciphisa kakhulu isisindo somzimba, okuzuzisa kakhulu iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 ezidinga ukulawula isisindo sazo.

I-multifaceted mechanism ye-Tirzepatide inikeza inketho entsha yokwelapha ekulawuleni uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, ukulawula ngokuphumelelayo i-glucose yegazi ngenkathi kusiza iziguli ukuba zithole ukulahlekelwa isisindo, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukisa impilo yonke. Naphezu kwemiphumela yayo ebalulekile yomtholampilo, eminye imiphumela emibi, njengokungakhululeki kwamathumbu, ingase yenzeke ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwe-Tirzepatide, ngakho-ke kufanele isetshenziswe ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwezokwelapha.

I-Oxytociniyi-hormone ye-peptide eyenzeka ngokwemvelo ehlanganiswe ku-hypothalamus futhi igcinwe futhi ikhishwe yi-posterior pituitary gland. Idlala indima ebalulekile ohlelweni lokuzala lwabesifazane, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokubeletha kanye nesikhathi sangemva kokubeletha. Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-Oxytocin uwukuvuselela ukufinyela kwemisipha yesibeletho ngokubophezela kuma-oxytocin receptors kumaseli emisipha abushelelezi esibelethweni. Lesi senzo sibalulekile ekuqaliseni nasekugcineni inqubo yabasebenzi.

Ngesikhathi sokubeletha, njengoba umntwana ehamba emgudwini wokuzalwa, ukukhululwa kwe-Oxytocin kuyanda, okuholela ekufinyezweni kwesibeletho okunamandla nokunesigqi okusiza ukuletha umntwana. Uma ukuqhubeka kwemvelo kokusikwa kuhamba kancane noma kumile, i-Oxytocin yokwenziwa ingase ifakwe emithanjeni ngumhlinzeki wezempilo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukufinyela kwesibeletho futhi kusheshiswe inqubo yokuzala. Le nqubo yaziwa ngokuthi ukungeniswa emsebenzini.

Ngaphezu kokunxenxa ukuzala, i-Oxytocin isetshenziswa kabanzi ukulawula ukopha kwangemva kokubeletha, inkinga evamile futhi engaba yingozi ngemva kokubeletha. Ukopha kwangemva kokubeletha ngokuvamile kwenzeka lapho isibeletho sihluleka ukufinyela ngokuphumelelayo ngemva kokubeletha. Ngokuthuthukisa ukufinyela kwesibeletho, i-Oxytocin isiza ekunciphiseni ukopha, ngaleyo ndlela yehlise ingozi empilweni kamama ebangelwa ukopha kakhulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Oxytocin idlala indima ebalulekile ekunceliseni ibele. Lapho usana lumunca ingono kamama, i-Oxytocin iyakhululwa, okwenza ukuthi izindlala zobisi zifinyele futhi ziphushe ubisi emiseleni, okwenza kube lula ukuphuma kobisi. Le nqubo ibalulekile ekunceliseni ngempumelelo, futhi i-Oxytocin ngezinye izikhathi isetshenziselwa ukusiza omama abahlangabezana nobunzima ngesikhathi sokuncelisa.

Sekukonke, i-Oxytocin iwumuthi obalulekile kwezokubelethisa, osetshenziswa kabanzi ekusizeni ukuzala, ukulawula ukopha kwangemva kokubeletha, kanye nokusekela ukuncelisa. Nakuba i-Oxytocin ngokuvamile iphephile ukuyisebenzisa, ukuphathwa kwayo kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi kuqondiswe ochwepheshe bezokwelapha ukuze kuqinisekiswe imiphumela emihle yokwelapha futhi kuncishiswe imiphumela engemihle engase ibe khona.

I-Carbetociniyi-analogue yokwenziwa ye-oxytocin esetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ukuvimbela ukopha kwangemva kokubeletha, ikakhulukazi kulandela izigaba zokuhlinzwa. Ukopha kwangemva kokubeletha kuyinkimbinkimbi engathi sína engenzeka ngemva kokubeletha, ngokuvamile ngenxa ye-atony yesibeletho, lapho isibeletho sihluleka ukufinyela ngokuphumelelayo. I-Carbetocin isebenza ngokubophezela kuma-oxytocin receptors angaphezulu kwamaseli emisipha abushelelezi esibelethweni, isebenze la ma-receptors, futhi idonse ukufinyela kwesibeletho, ngaleyo ndlela isize ekwehliseni ukulahleka kwegazi kwangemva kokubeletha.

Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-oxytocin yemvelo, iCarbetocin inohhafu wempilo ende, okusho ukuthi ihlala isebenza emzimbeni isikhathi eside. Lo msebenzi omude uvumela i-Carbetocin ukuthi inikeze ukufinyela kwesibeletho okuzinzile, okuyenza iphumelele kakhulu ekuvimbeleni ukopha kwangemva kokubeletha. Ukwengeza, i-Carbetocin ayidingi ukumnika okuqhubekayo njenge-oxytocin kodwa ingasetshenziswa njengomjovo owodwa, yenza izinqubo zomtholampilo zibe lula kanye nokunciphisa isidingo sezinsiza zezokwelapha.

Ucwaningo lwezokwelapha luye lwabonisa ukuthi i-Carbetocin iphumelela kakhulu ekuvimbeleni ukopha ngokulandela izigaba zokuhlinzwa, yehlisa kakhulu isidingo semithi eyengeziwe ye-uterotonic. I-World Health Organization (WHO) ifake i-Carbetocin njengendlela yokwelapha ejwayelekile yokuvimbela ukopha kwangemva kokubeletha, ikakhulukazi ezilungiselelweni ezinomkhawulo wezinsiza lapho izinzuzo zokulawulwa komthamo owodwa zizuzisa kakhulu.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi nakuba i-Carbetocin inikeza izinzuzo ezibalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukopha kwangemva kokubeletha, ingase ingafaneleki kuzo zonke izimo. Ezimweni ezithile, njengokweqisa kwesibeletho, ukunamathiselwa kwe-placenta okungavamile, noma ukuhlukaniswa, ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingase zifaneleke kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kweCarbetocin kufanele kunqunywe ochwepheshe bezempilo abanolwazi ngokubheka izimo ezithile.

Kafushane, i-Carbetocin, njenge-analogue ye-oxytocin esebenza isikhathi eside, idlala indima ebalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukopha kwangemva kokubeletha kulandela kokubili ukuhlinzwa nokubeletha kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane. Ngokukhuthaza ukufinyela kwesibeletho, kunciphisa ngokuphumelelayo ingozi yokopha kwangemva kokubeletha, kunikeze isivikelo esibalulekile sokubeletha okuphephile.

I-Terlipressiniyi-analogue yokwenziwa ye-antidiuretic hormone esetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ukwelapha ukuphazamiseka okopha okukhulu okubangelwa i-cirrhosis yesibindi, njengokuphuma kwegazi kwe-variceal esophageal kanye ne-hepatorenal syndrome. Ukopha kwe-esophageal variceal kuyinkinga evamile futhi enzima ezigulini ezine-cirrhosis yesibindi, kuyilapho i-hepatorenal syndrome iwuhlobo lokwehluleka kwezinso okubangelwa ukungasebenzi kahle kwesibindi.

I-Terlipressin isebenza ngokulingisa isenzo se-antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin), okubangela ukuminyana kwemithambo yegazi ye-visceral, ikakhulukazi emgudwini wamathumbu, ngaleyo ndlela yehlise ukugeleza kwegazi kulezi zitho. Le vasoconstriction isiza ukwehlisa umfutho we-portal vein, ukunciphisa ingozi yokopha kwe-variceal. Ngokungafani ne-vasopressin yendabuko, i-Terlipressin inobude besikhathi sokusebenza kanye nemiphumela engemihle embalwa, okuyenza isetshenziswe kabanzi emisebenzini yomtholampilo.

Ngaphezu kokusetshenziswa kwayo ekopheni okukhulu, i-Terlipressin idlala indima ebalulekile ekwelapheni i-hepatorenal syndrome. I-Hepatorenal syndrome ivamise ukwenzeka ezigabeni ezithuthukile ze-cirrhosis yesibindi, ebonakala ngokuncipha okusheshayo kokusebenza kwezinso, ngezinga lokusinda eliphansi kakhulu. I-Terlipressin ingathuthukisa ukugeleza kwegazi kwezinso, ihlehlise ukusebenza kwezinso, futhi ithuthukise kakhulu imiphumela yesiguli.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi nakuba i-Terlipressin iphumelela kakhulu ekwelapheni lezi zimo ezibucayi, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kunezingozi ezithile, njengemiphumela emibi yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Ngakho-ke, i-Terlipressin ivamise ukuphathwa endaweni yesibhedlela ngaphansi kokugadwa ochwepheshe bezempilo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha nokusebenza ngempumelelo kokwelashwa.

Kafushane, i-Terlipressin, njengesidakamizwa se-peptide, idlala indima engenakushintshwa ekwelapheni ukopha okukhulu kanye nesifo se-hepatorenal esibangelwa ukusha kwesibindi. Ayigcini nje ngokulawula ukopha ngokuphumelelayo kodwa futhi ithuthukisa ukusebenza kwezinso, inikeze iziguli amathuba engeziwe okwelashwa okwengeziwe.

I-Bivalirudiniyisidakamizwa se-peptide yokwenziwa esihlukaniswa njenge-thrombin inhibitor eqondile, esetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukwelashwa kwe-anticoagulant, ikakhulukazi kuma-acute coronary syndromes (ACS) kanye ne-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). I-Thrombin idlala indima ebalulekile enqubweni yokuhlangana kwegazi ngokuguqula i-fibrinogen ibe yi-fibrin, okuholela ekwakhekeni kwe-thrombus. I-Bivalirudin isebenza ngokubopha ngokuqondile indawo esebenzayo ye-thrombin, ivimbela umsebenzi wayo, ngaleyo ndlela ifinyelele imiphumela ye-anticoagulant.

1. Ukuvinjelwa Okuqondile kwe-Thrombin: I-Bivalirudin ibophezela ngokuqondile esikhungweni esisebenzayo se-thrombin, ivimbela ukusebenzisana kwayo ne-fibrinogen. Lokhu kubophezela kucace kakhulu, okuvumela i-Bivalirudin ukuthi ivimbele kokubili i-thrombin yamahhala ne-thrombin osekuboshwe amahlule. Ngenxa yalokho, i-Bivalirudin ivimbela ngokuphumelelayo ukwakheka kwamahlule amasha kanye nokwandiswa kwalawo akhona.
2. Ukuqala Ngokushesha kanye Nokulawula: I-Bivalirudin inokuqala okusheshayo kwesenzo, ikhiqiza ngokushesha imiphumela ye-anticoagulant ekuphathweni kwe-intravenous. Uma kuqhathaniswa nama-thrombin inhibitors endabuko angaqondile (njenge-heparin), isenzo se-Bivalirudin sizimele ku-antithrombin III futhi sinikeza ukulawuleka okungcono. Lokhu kusho ukuthi imiphumela yayo ye-anticoagulant ibikezelwa kakhudlwana futhi kulula ukuyiphatha, ikakhulukazi ezimweni zomtholampilo ezidinga ukulawulwa okunembile kwesikhathi sokuhlangana, njengezinqubo ze-PCI.
3. Ingxenye yempilo emfushane: I-Bivalirudin inengxenye yempilo emfushane ngokuqhathaniswa, cishe imizuzu engama-25, evumela imiphumela yayo ye-anticoagulant ukuthi ihlakazeke ngokushesha ngemva kokuyekwa. Lesi sici sinenzuzo ikakhulukazi ezigulini ezidinga i-anticoagulation emfushane kodwa enamandla, njengaphakathi nezinqubo zokungenelela kwe-coronary.
4. Ingozi Yokopha Ephansi: Ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo, i-Bivalirudin inikeza i-anticoagulation ephumelelayo ngengozi ephansi yokopha. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi iziguli ezelashwa nge-Bivalirudin zinezibalo eziphansi zezinkinga zokopha uma ziqhathaniswa nalezo ezithola i-heparin ehlanganiswe ne-GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors. Lokhu kwenza i-Bivalirudin ibe ukukhetha okuphephile futhi okusebenzayo kwe-anticoagulant ezigulini ze-ACS ne-PCI.

Kafushane, i-Bivalirudin, njenge-thrombin inhibitor eqondile, inikeza indlela eyingqayizivele yokwenza kanye nezinzuzo zomtholampilo. Ayivimbeli kuphela ngempumelelo i-thrombin ukuvimbela ukwakheka kwehlule kodwa futhi inezinzuzo ezifana nokuqala ngokushesha, isigamu sempilo emfishane, kanye nengozi yokopha ephansi. Ngakho-ke, i-Bivalirudin isetshenziswa kabanzi ekwelapheni i-acute coronary syndromes nangesikhathi sokungenelela kwe-coronary. Kodwa-ke, ngaphandle kwephrofayili yayo ephezulu yokuphepha, kufanele isetshenziswe ngaphansi kokuqondisa kochwepheshe bezempilo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha nokusebenza ngempumelelo kokwelashwa.

I-Octreotidei-octapeptide yokwenziwa elingisa isenzo se-somatostatin yemvelo. I-Somatostatin iyi-hormone efihliwe yi-hypothalamus nezinye izicubu ezivimbela ukukhiqizwa kwamahomoni ahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa i-hormone yokukhula, i-insulin, i-glucagon, namahomoni wesisu. I-Octreotide isetshenziswa kabanzi ekwelapheni izimo ezahlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi lezo ezidinga ukulawulwa kokuphuma kwamahomoni kanye nezimpawu ezihlobene nesimila.

1. Ukwelashwa kwe-Acromegaly: I-Acromegaly yisimo esibangelwa ukukhishwa ngokweqile kwe-hormone yokukhula, ngokuvamile ngenxa ye-pituitary adenoma. I-Octreotide isiza ukwehlisa amazinga e-hormone yokukhula kanye ne-insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) egazini ngokuvimbela ukukhiqizwa kwe-hormone yokukhula, ngaleyo ndlela inciphise izimpawu ze-acromegaly, njengokwandiswa kwezandla nezinyawo, izinguquko ezicini zobuso. , nobuhlungu bamalunga.
2. Ukwelashwa kweCarcinoid Syndrome: I-Carcinoid syndrome ibangelwa ukukhishwa ngokweqile kwe-serotonin nezinye izinto eziphilayo ngamathumba e-carcinoid emathunjini, okuholela ezimpawu ezifana nesifo sohudo, ukushaywa umoya, nesifo senhliziyo. I-Octreotide ilawula ngempumelelo izimpawu ze-carcinoid syndrome ngokuvimbela ukukhishwa kwala mahomoni nezinto, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise izinga lempilo yeziguli.
3. Ukwelashwa kwe-Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (GEP-NETs): Ama-GEP-NETs awuhlobo olungavamile lwesimila esivame ukuvela emgudwini wesisu noma amanyikwe. I-Octreotide isetshenziselwa ukulawula ukukhula kwalezi zimila kanye nezimpawu ezizibangelayo, ikakhulukazi kumathumba asebenzayo akhiqiza inani elikhulu lamahomoni. Ngokuvimbela amahomoni akhiqizwe amathumba, i-Octreotide inganciphisa ukuvela kwezimpawu futhi, kwezinye izimo, ukukhula kancane kwesimila.
4. Ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza: Ngaphezu kokusetshenziswa okuyinhloko okukhulunywe ngenhla, i-Octreotide iphinde isetshenziselwe ukwelapha izifo ezithile ze-endocrine ezingavamile, njenge-insulinomas, i-glucagonomas, ne-VIPomas (izimila ezikhiqiza i-vasoactive peptide yamathumbu). Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Octreotide ingasetshenziswa ekwelapheni izimo ze-hemorrhagic acute, njengokulawula ukopha kwamathumbu aphezulu kanye nokopha kwe-variceal esophageal.

Sekukonke, i-Octreotide inikeza ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo ngokuvimbela ukukhiqizwa kwamahomoni ahlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi ekulawuleni izifo nezimpawu ezihlobene nokuphuma kwamahomoni. Kodwa-ke, njengoba i-Octreotide ingase ibangele eminye imiphumela emibi, njengokungakhululeki kwamathumbu, ukwakheka kwe-gallstone, nezinguquko emazingeni eglucose yegazi, ukuqapha ngokucophelela nokwelashwa ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukadokotela kuyadingeka.