FAQ

Semaglutidei-glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) i-receptor agonist isetyenziselwa ukulawula amanqanaba e-glucose yegazi kwizigulane ezine-2 yeswekile. I-GLP-1 yihomoni engapheliyo efihliweyo ziiseli ze-L kumathumbu amancinci emva kokutya, idlala iindima ezininzi zomzimba. I-Semaglutide ilingisa izenzo ze-physiological ze-GLP-1 kwaye ilawula i-glucose yegazi kunye nobunzima ngeendlela ezintathu eziphambili:

1. Ukukhuthazwa kokuKhuselwa kwe-insulin: I-GLP-1 ivuselela ukukhutshwa kwe-insulin kwi-pancreatic β-cell xa amanqanaba e-glucose yegazi ephakanyisiwe, inceda ukuthoba i-glucose yegazi. I-Semaglutide iphucula le nkqubo ngokuvula i-GLP-1 receptor, ngokukodwa idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni i-postprandial hyperglycemia. Le ndlela yenza ukuba i-Semaglutide inciphise ngokufanelekileyo i-post-meal glucose spikes, ukuphucula ulawulo lwe-glycemic jikelele kwizigulane ezine-2 yeswekile.
2. Ukuthintelwa koKhuseleko lweGlucagon: IGlucagon yihomoni ekhutshwa yipancreatic α-cells ekhuthaza ukukhutshwa kweglucose esibindini xa amanqanaba eglucose esegazini esezantsi. Nangona kunjalo, kwizigulana ezinesifo seswekile se-2, ukukhutshwa kweglucagon kuhlala kunyuswa ngokungaqhelekanga, okukhokelela kumanqanaba aphezulu eglucose yegazi. I-Semaglutide inqanda ukukhutshwa ngokugqithiseleyo kweglucagon ngokuvula i-GLP-1 receptor, inceda ngakumbi ekunciphiseni amanqanaba e-glucose yegazi.
3. Ukucotha kokuKhupha kweGastric: I-Semaglutide iphinda inciphise izinga lokukhupha isisu, oku kuthetha ukuba ukuhamba kokutya ukusuka kwisisu ukuya emathunjini amancinci kulibazisekile, okukhokelela ekunyukeni ngokuthe ngcembe kwinqanaba le-glucose yegazi emva kokutya. Esi siphumo asincedi kuphela ukulawula i-postprandial blood glucose kodwa kwandisa imvakalelo yokuzala, ukunciphisa ukutya okuqhelekileyo kunye nokunceda ekulawuleni ubunzima.

Ngaphandle kwemiphumo yayo kulawulo lwe-glucose yegazi, i-Semaglutide ibonise inzuzo ebalulekileyo yokulahlekelwa kwesisindo, iyenze ibe ngumviwa wonyango lokukhuluphala. Ukunciphisa umzimba akuncedi kuphela kwizigulana ezinesifo seswekile kodwa nakubantu abangenasifo seswekile abatyebe kakhulu.

Indlela ekhethekileyo kunye nokusebenza kweklinikhi ye-Semaglutide yenza ukuba ibe liyeza eliyimfuneko kulawulo lweswekile. Ukongezelela, njengoko uphando luqhubela phambili, izicelo ezinokubakho ze-Semaglutide ekukhuselweni kwentliziyo kunye nokunyangwa kokukhuluphala zifumana ingqalelo. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iziphumo zecala, ezifana nokuphazamiseka kwesisu kunye ne-nausea, zinokuthi zenzeke ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwe-Semaglutide, ngoko kufuneka isetyenziswe phantsi kolawulo lonyango.

ILiraglutidei-glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) i-receptor agonist isetyenziswe ngokukodwa kunyango lwe-2 yeswekile kunye nokukhuluphala. I-GLP-1 yihomoni evezwa ziiseli ze-L kumathumbu amancinci emva kokutya, kwaye idlala iindima ezininzi ekulawuleni iswekile yegazi. ILiraglutide ilinganisa isenzo se-GLP-1, inika iziphumo ezibalulekileyo zomzimba:

1. Ukukhuthazwa kokuKhuselwa kwe-insulin: Xa amanqanaba eglucose egazini enyuka, i-GLP-1 ivuselela ukukhutshwa kwe-insulin kwi-pancreatic β-cell, inceda ukuthoba amanqanaba eglucose yegazi. ILiraglutide yongeza le nkqubo ngokwenza i-GLP-1 receptor isebenze, ngakumbi ukuphucula ulawulo lweswekile yegazi ngexesha le-postprandial hyperglycemia. Oku kwenza iLiraglutide isetyenziswe ngokubanzi ekulawuleni amanqanaba eglucose emva kokutya kwizigulana ezinesifo seswekile esi-2.
2. Ukuthintelwa koKhuseleko lweGlucagon: I-Glucagon yihomoni efihliweyo yi-pancreatic α-cells ekhuthaza ukukhutshwa kweglucose esibindini xa amanqanaba eglucose yegazi ephantsi. Nangona kunjalo, kwizigulana ezinesifo seswekile esi-2, ukukhutshwa kweglucagon kuhlala kunyuswa ngokungaqhelekanga, okukhokelela kumanqanaba aphezulu eglucose yegazi. ILiraglutide inceda ukulawula iswekile yegazi ngokunqanda ukukhutshwa kweglucagon, ukunciphisa ukuguquguquka kweglucose yegazi kwizigulana ezinesifo seswekile.
3. Ukulibazisa ukukhutshwa kweGastric: I-Liraglutide iphinda icothise ukuphuma kwesisu, okuthetha ukuba ukuhamba kokutya ukusuka esiswini ukuya emathunjini amancinci kulibaziseke, okukhokelela ekunyukeni kancinci kumanqanaba eglucose emva kokutya. Esi siphumo asincedi kuphela ekulawuleni i-glucose yegazi kodwa kwandisa imvakalelo yokuzala, ukunciphisa ukutya kunye nokunceda izigulane zilawule ubunzima bazo.
4. Ulawulo lobunzima: Ukongeza kwiziphumo zayo kulawulo lweswekile yegazi, iLiraglutide ibonise izibonelelo zokwehla kobunzima. Oku kubangelwa ikakhulu kwiziphumo zayo ekucothiseni ukukhupha isisu kunye nokwandisa ukuhlutha, okukhokelela ekunciphiseni i-caloric intake kunye nokulahlekelwa kwesisindo. Ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo ekunciphiseni ubunzima, iLiraglutide ikwasetyenziswa kunyango lokutyeba kakhulu, ngakumbi kwizigulana ezinesifo seswekile ezityebe kakhulu.
5. Ukukhuselwa kwentliziyo: Uphononongo lwakutsha nje lubonise ukuba iLiraglutide nayo ineempembelelo zokukhusela kwintliziyo, inciphisa umngcipheko weziganeko zentliziyo. Oku kukhokelele ekusetyenzisweni kwayo ngokubanzi kwizigulana ezinesifo seswekile kunye nesifo sentliziyo.

Isishwankathelo, iLiraglutide ilawula iswekile yegazi kunye nobunzima ngeendlela ezininzi, idlala indima ebalulekileyo kulawulo lweswekile kwaye ibonise ukubanakho kunyango lokutyeba kakhulu kunye nokhuseleko lwentliziyo. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, ezinje ngesicaphucaphu, ukuhlanza, kunye ne-hypoglycemia, zinokubakho ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kweLiraglutide, ke kufuneka isetyenziswe phantsi kweliso likagqirha ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.

Tirzepatidelichiza lepeptide elisebenza kabini elenzelwe ngokukodwa ukuba ngaxeshanye lisebenze iglucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptors kunye neglucose exhomekeke kwi-insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptors. Le agonism ye-receptor ezimbini inika i-Tirzepatide iinzuzo ezizodwa zeklinikhi ekulawuleni uhlobo lwe-2 yeswekile kunye nokulawula ubunzima.

1. I-GLP-1 ye-Receptor Agonism: I-GLP-1 yi-hormone engapheliyo ekhutshwe yi-L-cells emathunjini emva kokutya, ukukhuthaza ukukhutshwa kwe-insulin, ukuvimbela ukukhutshwa kweglucagon, kunye nokulibazisa ukukhupha isisu. I-Tirzepatide yongeza ezi ziphumo ngokuvula i-GLP-1 receptors, inceda ekwehliseni ngokufanelekileyo amanqanaba eglucose yegazi, ngakumbi kulawulo lweglucose yasemva kokutya. Ukongeza, ukusebenza kwe-GLP-1 receptor kwandisa ukuhlutha, ukunciphisa ukutya kunye nokunceda ekunciphiseni ubunzima.
2. GIP Receptor Agonism: I-GIP yenye i-hormone ye-incretin efihliweyo yi-K-seli emathunjini, ukukhuthaza ukukhutshwa kwe-insulin kunye nokulawula i-fat metabolism. I-Tirzepatide iqhubela phambili ukuphucula i-insulin secretion ngokuvula i-GIP receptors kwaye ibe nemiphumo emihle kwi-fat tissue metabolism. Le ndlela yokusebenza kabini inika i-Tirzepatide inzuzo ebalulekileyo ekuphuculeni ubuntununtunu be-insulin, ukwehlisa amanqanaba eswekile yegazi, kunye nokulawula ubunzima.
3. Ukukhupha iGastric kulibazisekile: I-Tirzepatide iphinda ilibazise ukukhutshwa kwesisu, oku kuthetha ukuba ukuhamba kokutya ukusuka kwisisu ukuya emathunjini amancinci kuyancipha, okukhokelela ekunyukeni ngokuthe ngcembe kwinqanaba le-glucose yegazi emva kokutya. Esi siphumo asincedi kuphela ukulawula i-glucose yegazi kodwa kwandisa imvakalelo yokuzala, ukunciphisa ukungenisa kokutya.
4. Ulawulo lobunzima: Ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo kabini kwe-GLP-1 kunye ne-GIP receptors, i-Tirzepatide ibonise imiphumo ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni ubunzima. Uphononongo lweklinikhi lubonise ukuba iTirzepatide inokunciphisa kakhulu ubunzima bomzimba, nto leyo eluncedo ngakumbi kuhlobo lwe-2 yeswekile izigulana ezifuna ukulawula ubunzima bazo.

I-multifaceted mechanism ye-Tirzepatide inika inketho entsha yonyango ekulawuleni uhlobo lwe-2 yeswekile, ukulawula ngokufanelekileyo i-glucose yegazi ngelixa inceda izigulane zifezekise ukulahleka kwesisindo, ngaloo ndlela ziphucula impilo yonke. Nangona imiphumo ebalulekileyo yeklinikhi, ezinye iziphumo zecala, ezifana nokungahambi kakuhle kwesisu, zinokuthi zenzeke ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwe-Tirzepatide, ngoko kufuneka isetyenziswe phantsi kweliso lonyango.

Oxytocinyi-hormone ye-peptide eyenzeka ngokwemvelo eyenziwe kwi-hypothalamus kwaye igcinwe kwaye ikhutshwe yi-posterior pituitary gland. Idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokuzala yabasetyhini, ngakumbi ngexesha lokubeleka kunye nasemva kokubeleka. Umsebenzi oyintloko we-Oxytocin kukuvuselela ukunyanzeliswa kwemisipha yesibeleko ngokuzibophelela kwi-oxytocin receptors kwiiseli ze-muscle ezigudileyo zesibeleko. Esi senzo sibalulekile ekuqaliseni nasekugcineni inkqubo yabasebenzi.

Ngexesha lokubeleka, njengoko usana luhamba kumjelo wokuzala, ukukhutshwa kwe-Oxytocin kuyenyuka, okukhokelela ekufinyezweni okunamandla kunye nesingqisho sesibeleko esinceda ekubelekeni komntwana. Ukuba inkqubela phambili yendalo yokubeleka iyacotha okanye imile, i-Oxytocin yokwenziwa inokufakwa emithanjeni ngumboneleli wezempilo ukuqinisa ukufinyela kwesibeleko kunye nokukhawulezisa inkqubo yokubeleka. Le nkqubo yaziwa ngokuba yi-labour induction.

Ukongeza ekubangeleni ukubeleka, i-Oxytocin isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukulawula ukopha kwasemva kokubeleka, ingxaki eqhelekileyo nenokuba yingozi emva kokubeleka. I-postpartum hemorrhage ngokuqhelekileyo iyenzeka xa isibeleko singaphumeleli ngokufanelekileyo emva kokunikezelwa. Ngokwandisa ukufinyela kwesibeleko, iOxytocin inceda ekunciphiseni ukulahleka kwegazi, ngaloo ndlela yehlisa umngcipheko kwimpilo kamama obangelwa kukopha kakhulu.

Ngaphaya koko, i-Oxytocin idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuncanciseni. Xa usana luncanca ingono kamama, iOxytocin iyakhululwa, nto leyo ebangela ukuba amadlala obisi akrune kwaye atyhale ubisi kwimibhobho, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kuphume ubisi lula. Le nkqubo ibalulekile ekuncanciseni ngempumelelo, kwaye iOxytocin ngamanye amaxesha isetyenziswa ukunceda oomama abafumana ubunzima ngexesha lokuncancisa.

Lilonke, i-Oxytocin lichiza eliyimfuneko kwizithinteli zokubelekisa, kunye nezicelo ezixhaphakileyo ekuququzeleleni ukubeleka, ukulawula ukopha kwasemva kokubeleka, kunye nokuxhasa ukuncancisa. Ngelixa i-Oxytocin ngokuqhelekileyo ikhuselekile ukuyisebenzisa, ulawulo lwayo kufuneka luhlale lukhokelwa ngabasebenzi bezonyango ukuze kuqinisekiswe iziphumo ezilungileyo zonyango kunye nokunciphisa iziphumo ezibi.

Carbetocinyi-analog ye-oxytocin eyenziweyo esetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukuthintela ukopha kwasemva kokubeleka, ngakumbi ukulandela amacandelo otyando. I-postpartum hemorrhage yingxaki enzulu enokuthi yenzeke emva kokuzalwa komntwana, ngokuqhelekileyo ngenxa ye-atony yesibeleko, apho isibeleko sihluleka ukuxhamla ngokufanelekileyo. I-Carbetocin isebenza ngokuzibophelela kwi-oxytocin receptors kumphezulu weeseli ze-uterine ezigudileyo zemisipha, isebenze ezi zamkeli, kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwe-contraction ye-uterine, ngaloo ndlela inceda ukunciphisa ukulahleka kwegazi emva kokubeleka.

Xa kuthelekiswa ne-oxytocin yendalo, iCarbetocin inobomi obude, okuthetha ukuba ihlala isebenza emzimbeni ixesha elide. Lo msebenzi uthatha ixesha elide uvumela iCarbetocin ukuba ibonelele ngokucokisekileyo kwesibeleko esizinzileyo, isenze sisebenze ngakumbi ekuthinteleni ukopha kwasemva kokubeleka. Ukongeza, iCarbetocin ayifuni ukufakwa ngokuqhubekayo njenge-oxytocin kodwa inokulawulwa njengenaliti enye, ukwenza lula iinkqubo zekliniki kunye nokunciphisa imfuno yezibonelelo zonyango.

Uphononongo lwezonyango lubonise ukuba iCarbetocin iyasebenza kakhulu ekuthinteleni ukopha emva kwamacandelo otyando, inciphisa kakhulu imfuno yamayeza ongezelelweyo e-uterononic. Umbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi (i-WHO) uquke iCarbetocin njengonyango oluqhelekileyo lokuthintela ukopha kwasemva kokubeleka, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezinobuncwane obulinganiselweyo apho iingenelo zolawulo lwedosi enye ziluncedo kakhulu.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ngelixa iCarbetocin ibonelela ngeenzuzo ezibalulekileyo ekuthinteleni ukopha kwasemva kokubeleka, isenokungafaneleki kuzo zonke iimeko. Kwiimeko ezithile, ezifana nokugqithiswa kwesibeleko, i-placental attachment engaqhelekanga, okanye i-detachment, ezinye iindlela zonyango zinokufaneleka ngakumbi. Ke ngoko, ukusetyenziswa kweCarbetocin kufuneka kumiselwe ngabasebenzi bezempilo abanamava ngokusekwe kwiimeko ezithile.

Ngamafutshane, iCarbetocin, njenge-analog ye-oxytocin esebenza ixesha elide, idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuthinteleni ukopha kwasemva kokubeleka okulandela omabini amacandelo otyando kunye nokubeleka kwelungu lobufazi. Ngokukhuthaza ukunyanzeliswa kwesibeleko, kunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo umngcipheko wokuphuma kwegazi emva kokubeleka, ukubonelela ngokukhuselekileyo kokuzalwa komntwana.

Terlipressinyi-analog yokwenziwa yehomoni ye-antidiuretic esetyenziswa ikakhulu ukunyanga ukuphazamiseka ukopha okubukhali okubangelwa yi-cirrhosis yesibindi, efana nokopha kwe-variceal ye-esophageal kunye ne-hepatorenal syndrome. Ukuphuma kwe-variceal ye-Esophageal yinto eqhelekileyo kwaye inzima kakhulu kwizigulane ezine-cirrhosis yesibindi, ngelixa i-hepatorenal syndrome luhlobo lokungaphumeleli kwezintso olubangelwa ukungasebenzi kwesibindi esibi.

I-Terlipressin isebenza ngokulinganisa isenzo se-antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin), ebangela ukuxinana kwemithambo yegazi ye-visceral, ngakumbi kwi-gastrointestinal tract, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa ukuhamba kwegazi kula malungu. Le vasoconstriction inceda ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwe-portal vein, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuphuma kwegazi. Ngokungafaniyo ne-vasopressin yendabuko, i-Terlipressin inobude bexesha elide kunye nemiphumo emibi embalwa, iyenza isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwiklinikhi.

Ukongeza ekusebenziseni ukopha kakhulu, i-Terlipressin idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekunyangeni i-hepatorenal syndrome. I-Hepatorenal syndrome ngokuqhelekileyo yenzeke kumanqanaba aphezulu e-cirrhosis yesibindi, ebonakala ngokuhla ngokukhawuleza ekusebenzeni kwezintso, kunye neqondo eliphantsi kakhulu lokusinda. I-Terlipressin inokuphucula ukuhamba kwegazi kwezintso, ukubuyisela umva umsebenzi wezintso, kwaye iphucule kakhulu iziphumo zesigulane.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ngelixa i-Terlipressin isebenza kakhulu ekuphatheni ezi meko zinzima, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kunomngcipheko othile, njengemiphumo emibi ye-cardiovascular. Ke ngoko, i-Terlipressin iqhele ukulawulwa kwindawo yesibhedlele phantsi kweliso elibukhali ngabasebenzi bezempilo ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza ngempumelelo konyango.

Ngamafutshane, i-Terlipressin, njengechiza le-peptide, idlala indima engenakuthathelwa indawo ekunyangeni ukopha okubukhali kunye nesifo se-hepatorenal esibangelwa yi-cirrhosis yesibindi. Ayigcini nje ngokulawula ukopha kodwa iphucula ukusebenza kwezintso, inika izigulane amathuba angakumbi onyango olongezelelweyo.

Bivalirudinisilwanyana se-peptide sokwenziwa esichazwe njenge-thrombin inhibitor echanekileyo, esetyenziselwa ngokukodwa unyango lwe-anticoagulant, ngokukodwa kwi-acute coronary syndromes (ACS) kunye ne-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). I-Thrombin idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo ye-coagulation yegazi ngokuguqula i-fibrinogen kwi-fibrin, ekhokelela ekubunjweni kwe-thrombus. I-Bivalirudin isebenza ngokubophelela ngokuthe ngqo kwindawo esebenzayo ye-thrombin, inqanda umsebenzi wayo, ngaloo ndlela ifezekisa imiphumo ye-anticoagulant.

1. Ukuthintelwa ngokuthe ngqo kweThrombin: I-Bivalirudin ibophelela ngokuthe ngqo kwiziko elisebenzayo le-thrombin, ivimbela ukusebenzisana kwayo ne-fibrinogen. Esi sibophelelo sichaneke kakhulu, sivumela i-Bivalirudin ukuba ithintele zombini i-thrombin yasimahla kunye ne-thrombin esele ibotshelelwe kumahlwili. Ngenxa yoko, i-Bivalirudin ikhusela ngokufanelekileyo ukubunjwa kwamahlwili amatsha kunye nokwandiswa kwezinto ezikhoyo.
2. Ukuqalisa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuLawula: I-Bivalirudin inokuqala ngokukhawuleza kwesenzo, ngokukhawuleza ukuvelisa iziphumo ze-anticoagulant ekulawuleni i-intravenous. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-thrombin inhibitors yendabuko (efana ne-heparin), isenzo se-Bivalirudin sizimeleyo kwi-antithrombin III kwaye sinikezela ngolawulo olungcono. Oku kuthetha ukuba iziphumo zayo ze-anticoagulant ziqikeleleka ngakumbi kwaye kulula ukuzilawula, ngakumbi kwiimeko zeklinikhi ezifuna ulawulo oluchanekileyo lwexesha lokudibanisa, njengeenkqubo ze-PCI.
3. Isiqingatha sobomi obufutshane: I-Bivalirudin inobomi obufutshane obufutshane, malunga nemizuzu engama-25, evumela ukuba iziphumo zayo ze-anticoagulant zichithe ngokukhawuleza emva kokuyeka. Olu phawu lunenzuzo ngokukhethekileyo kwizigulane ezifuna i-anticoagulation emfutshane kodwa eqinile, njengexesha leenkqubo zokungenelela kwe-coronary.
4. Umngcipheko wokopha ophantsi: Ngenxa yeepropati zayo, i-Bivalirudin inikeza i-anticoagulation esebenzayo kunye nomngcipheko omncinci wokuphuma kwegazi. Uphononongo lubonise ukuba izigulane eziphathwa nge-Bivalirudin zineemeko ezisezantsi zeengxaki zokuphuma kwegazi xa kuthelekiswa nalabo bafumana i-heparin edibeneyo ne-GP IIb / IIIa inhibitors. Oku kwenza i-Bivalirudin ibe yi-anticoagulant ekhuselekileyo kwaye esebenzayo kwi-ACS kunye nezigulane ze-PCI.

Isishwankathelo, i-Bivalirudin, njenge-thrombin inhibitor ngqo, inika indlela ekhethekileyo yokwenza kunye neenzuzo zeklinikhi. Ayithinteli kuphela ngokufanelekileyo i-thrombin ukukhusela ukwakheka kwehlwili kodwa ineenzuzo ezinjengokuqala ngokukhawuleza, ubomi obufutshane obufutshane, kunye nomngcipheko ophantsi wokopha. Ngoko ke, i-Bivalirudin isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kunyango lwe-syndromes ye-coronary acute kunye nexesha lokungenelela. Nangona kunjalo, nangona iprofayili yayo ephezulu yokhuseleko, kufuneka isetyenziswe phantsi kwesikhokelo sononophelo lwezempilo ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lonyango kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.

Octreotideyi-octapeptide yokwenziwa elinganisa isenzo se-somatostatin yendalo. I-Somatostatin yi-hormone efihliweyo yi-hypothalamus kunye nezinye izicubu ezivimbela ukukhuselwa kwamahomoni ahlukeneyo, kuquka i-hormone yokukhula, i-insulin, i-glucagon, kunye ne-hormone yesisu. I-Octreotide isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kuqheliselo lwezonyango kunyango lweemeko ezahlukeneyo, ngakumbi ezo zifuna ulawulo lokukhuselwa kwehomoni kunye neempawu ezinxulumene nethumba.

1. Unyango lwe-Acromegaly: I-Acromegaly yimeko ebangelwa ukukhutshwa ngokugqithiseleyo kwehomoni yokukhula, ngokuqhelekileyo ngenxa ye-pituitary adenoma. I-Octreotide inceda ukunciphisa amanqanaba e-hormone yokukhula kunye ne-insulin-efana nokukhula kwe-1 (IGF-1) egazini ngokuthintela ukukhuselwa kwehomoni yokukhula, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa iimpawu ze-acromegaly, ezifana nokwandiswa kwezandla neenyawo, utshintsho kwiimpawu zobuso. , kunye nentlungu edibeneyo.
2. Unyango lweCarcinoid Syndrome: I-Carcinoid syndrome ibangelwa ukukhutshwa ngokugqithiseleyo kwe-serotonin kunye nezinye izinto ezisebenzayo ngamathumba e-carcinoid emathunjini, okukhokelela kwiimpawu ezifana nesifo sohudo, ukugungqa, kunye nesifo senhliziyo. I-Octreotide ilawula ngokufanelekileyo iimpawu ze-carcinoid syndrome ngokuvimbela ukukhutshwa kwezi hormone kunye nezinto, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe umgangatho wobomi kwizigulane.
3. Unyango lweGastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (GEP-NETs): I-GEP-NETs luhlobo olunqabileyo lwe-tumor oluhlala luvela kwi-gastrointestinal tract okanye i-pancreas. I-Octreotide isetyenziselwa ukulawula ukukhula kwala mathumba kunye neempawu ezibangelayo, ngakumbi kwiithumba ezisebenzayo ezikhupha izixa ezikhulu zamahomoni. Ngokuthintela iihomoni ezifihliweyo ngamathumba, i-Octreotide inokunciphisa ukwenzeka kweempawu kwaye, kwezinye iimeko, ukukhula kancinci kwethumba.
4. Ezinye ii-aplikeshini: Ukongeza kwizinto eziphambili ezikhankanywe ngasentla, i-Octreotide iphinda isetyenziswe ukunyanga ezinye izifo ezinqabileyo ze-endocrine, ezifana ne-insulinomas, i-glucagonomas, kunye ne-VIPomas (i-tumors ekhupha i-peptide ye-intestinal ye-vasoactive). Ngaphaya koko, i-Octreotide inokusetyenziswa kunyango lweemeko ze-hemorrhagic ezibukhali, ezinjengokulawula ukopha kwamathumbu aphezulu kunye nokopha kwe-esophageal variceal.

Ngokubanzi, i-Octreotide ibonelela ngonyango olusebenzayo ngokuthintela ukukhuselwa kweehomoni ezahlukeneyo, ngakumbi ekulawuleni izifo kunye neempawu ezinxulumene nokukhuselwa kwehomoni. Nangona kunjalo, ekubeni i-Octreotide ingabangela imiphumo ethile, njengokukhathazeka kwesisu, ukubunjwa kwe-gallstone, kunye noshintsho kwizinga le-glucose yegazi, ukubeka iliso ngokucophelela kunye nonyango phantsi kolawulo logqirha luyimfuneko.