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Semagliutidendi glucagon-monga peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonist Agonist makamaka amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera magawo a shuga mwa odwala matenda a shuga 2. GLP-1 ndi mahomoni a endotogenous omwe amasungidwa ndi L-cell m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono atatha kudya, kusewera maudindo angapo ozungulira. Semaglutide imayerekezera masinthidwe a thupi cha ECP-1 ndikuwongolera shuga ndi kulemera m'njira zitatu zazikuluzikulu:

1. Kulimbikitsa kwa insulin: GLP-1 imathandizira kusungitsa inclinun kuchokera ku pancreatic β-cells pomwe magawo a shuga amakwezedwa, akuthandizira kuchepetsa shuga wamagazi. Semaglutide imawonjezera njirayi poyambitsa nkhani ya Glop-1, makamaka ikugwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuyang'anira Hyperglycelcemia. Makinawa amathandizira semagubuty kuti muchepetse ntchito yamagazi a shuga spikes, kukonza ma glycemic kuwongolera kwa odwala matenda a shuga 2.
2. Zoletsa za glucagon secretion: Glucagon ndi mahomoni omwe amasungidwa ndi kapabola wa pancreatic í-cell yomwe imalimbikitsa kumasulidwa kwa shuga kuchokera pachiwindi pomwe milingo ya shuga ikakhala yotsika. Komabe, odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 2, Glucagon nthawi zambiri amawonjezeka kwambiri, akuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga. Semaguglide imalepheretsa kubisa kwambiri kwa glucagon poyambitsa glop-1 receptor, kuthandizanso kuchepetsa milingo yamagazi.
3. Kuchepetsa Kuthira kwa Hestric: Semaglutide imachepetsa kuchuluka kwa kusowa kwa chapamimba, kutanthauza kuti kudutsa kwa chakudya m'mimba mpaka matumbo ang'onoang'ono amachedwa, kumapangitsa kuti pakhale pang'onopang'ono chakudya cha shuga. Izi sizimangothandiza kuwongolera shuga wamagazi wobwerezabwereza komanso zimawonjezera kumverera kwa chakudya, kumachepetsa chakudya chonse ndikuthandizira kasamalidwe kolemera.

Zoposa zotsatira za malamulo a shuga, semaguglity yawonetsa zabwino zopepuka, zimapangitsa kuti munthu asamalidwe ku matenda a kunenepa kwambiri. Kuchepetsa thupi kumathandiza osati kwa odwala matenda a shuga komanso kwa anthu osaneneka omwe alibe matenda ashuga.

Mphamvu yapadera komanso mphamvu yamankhwala a semagutitide zimapangitsa kuti ikhale mankhwala ofunikira pakuwongolera matenda ashuga. Kuphatikiza apo, monga kafukufukuyu amapita patsogolo, ntchito zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito Semaglutide mu mtima kutetezedwa ndi kunenepa kwambiri. Komabe, zotsatira zoyipa, monga matenda am'mimba komanso nseru, zimatha kuchitika pakugwiritsa ntchito semagliutide, motero iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito moyang'aniridwa ndi achipatala.

Liragliutidendi plucagon-ngati peptide-1 (glop-1) receptor Agonist makamaka imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a shuga 1 komanso kunenepa kwambiri. GLP-1 ndi mahomoni otulutsidwa ndi L-cell m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono atatha kudya, ndipo imasewera maudindo angapo pakukonza shuga wamagazi. Liraglutide MIMICS PRICSCEC-1, kukhazikitsa zingapo zofunika kwambiri kwa thupi:

1. Kulimbikitsa kwa insulin: Magazi aphuka a magazi atakwera, glup-1 amathandizira kutulutsa kwa insulin kuchokera ku Pancreatic β-cell, kuthandiza kuchepetsa mizere ya shuga yamagazi. Liraglutide imalimbikitsa njirayi poyambitsa reced-1 receptor, makamaka kusintha kwa shuga magazi potumiza Hyperglycelcemia. Izi zimapangitsa liraglutide lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakuwongolera ntchito yamagazi am'magazi a shuga mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 2.
2. Zoletsa za glucagon secretion: Glucagon ndi mahomoni owongoleredwa ndi kapabola wa pancreatic α-maselo omwe amalimbikitsa kutulutsa chiwindi pomwe magawo a shuga otsika. Komabe, odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 2, Glucagon nthawi zambiri amakhala okwera modabwitsa, amatsogolera kuchuluka kwa shuga wamagazi. Liragluthide imathandizira kuwongolera shuga ndi zoletsa kuphukira kwa glucagon, kuchepetsa kusintha magazi kwa magazi kwa odwala matenda ashuga.
3. Kuchedwetsa Kuthira Pang'onopang'ono: Liraglutide imachepetsanso kuthira chapamimba, kutanthauza kuti kuyenda kwa chakudya kuyambira m'mimba mpaka matumbo ang'onoang'ono amachedwa, kumapangitsa pang'onopang'ono kukwera m'magazi a shuga. Izi sizingowonjezera Edzi m'magazi a shuga magazi komanso zimawonjezera kumverera kwa chidzalo, kuchepetsa zakudya komanso kuthandiza odwala omwe amayendetsa kulemera kwawo.
4. Kuyesa Kulemera: Kuphatikiza pa zotsatira zake za shuga wamagazi, liraglutide wawonetsa zabwino zochepetsa thupi. Izi zimachitika makamaka chifukwa cha zovuta zake pakuchepetsa kuchepa kwa m'mimba ndikuwonjezera, kumapangitsa kuchepetsedwa kuchepetsedwa kudya ndi kuwonda. Chifukwa cha kugwira ntchito kwa kulemera kwa thupi, liraglutide imagwiritsidwanso ntchito pochiza thupi, makamaka mu odwala matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi kunenepa kwambiri.
5. Chitetezo chamtima: Kafukufuku waposachedwa awonetsa kuti Liraglutide alinso ndi mtima woteteza mtima, kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha zochitika za mtima. Izi zapangitsa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga komanso mtima.

Mwachidule, liraglutide amayang'anira shuga ndi kulemera kudzera pamachitidwe angapo, kusewera gawo lofunikira mu kasamalidwe ka matenda a shuga ndikuwonetsa kuthekera kwa mankhwala a kunenepa ndi mtima. Komabe, zotsatirapo zoyipa, monga nseru, kusanza, ndi hypoglycemia, zitha kuchitika pakugwiritsa ntchito liraglutide, motero iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito moyang'aniridwa ndi achipatala kuti muwonetsetse kuti ndi otetezeka.

TirzepatideNdi mankhwala opangidwa mwaluso kwambiri omwe amapangidwa mwapadera kuti ayambitse glucagon-ngati peptide-1 (glup-1) ma stulinotrotropic polypeptic (gip). Agonism apano akulandila ma tirzepatide azachipatala azachipatala omwe amawongolera matenda a shuga 2 ndi kuwongolera thupi.

1. GLP-1 Agonism: GLP-1 ndi mahomoni a endototous omwe amatulutsidwa ndi l-cell m'matumbo atatha kudya, kutulutsa kwa insulin, kulepheretsa kutanthauzira kwa glucagon, ndikuchepetsa kuthira. Tirzepatide imathandizira izi poyambitsa ma rep-1, kuthandiza kuchepetsa milingo yamagazi a shuga, makamaka pakubwezeretsa glucose glucose. Kuphatikiza apo, kugulitsa kwa receptor 1 kumawonjezera kusasamala, kuchepetsa chakudya ndikuthandizira kuchepa thupi.
2. Gip Rettler Agonism: Gip ndi mahomoni ena a C-cell m'matumbo, kulimbikitsa insulin katulutsidwe ndikuwongolera kagayidwe ka mafuta. Tirzepatide imathandizira kuti insulin ikhale yotulutsa ma renti otsegulira ndipo ali ndi zotsatira zabwino pa kagayidwe wamafuta. Makina ochita izi amapereka tirzeptatide kwambiri pakusintha makulidwe a insulin, kutsitsa milingo yamagazi yamagazi, ndikuchepetsa thupi.
3. Kuchedwa kuthira m'mimba: Tirzepatide amachepetsa kuthira chapamimba, kutanthauza kuti kuyenda kwa chakudya m'mimba mpaka matumbo ang'onoang'ono kumachedwetsa, kumapangitsa kuti pakhale pang'onopang'ono chakudya cha shuga. Izi sizimangothandiza kuwongolera shuga wamagazi komanso kumawonjezera kumverera kwa chidzalo, kukonzanso kudya kwa chakudya.
4. Kuyesa Kulemera: Chifukwa cha kukhazikitsidwa kwawiri kwa Glp-1 ndi Gip receptors, Tirzepatide yawonetsa zolimbitsa thupi. Kafukufuku wazachipatala asonyeza kuti Tirzepatide imatha kuchepetsa thupi, zomwe zimapindulitsa makamaka kwa odwala matenda a shuga 2 omwe akufunika kuwongolera kulemera kwawo.

Njira yodziwika bwino ya Tirzepatide imapereka njira yatsopano yachire poyendetsa matenda a shuga 2, moyenera kuwongolera shuga wamagazi pomwe akuthandiza odwala kuthandizira kuchepetsa thupi, motero kukonza thanzi lonse. Ngakhale zinali zovuta kwambiri zamankhwala, zotsatira zina zambiri, monga m'mimba m'mimba, zimatha kuchitika pakugwiritsa ntchito Tirzekalatide, motero iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito moyang'aniridwa ndi achipatala.

OxytocinNdiwochitika mwachilengedwe kwa Pepride Hormone wophatikizika mu hypothalamus ndikusungidwa ndikumasulidwa ndi zotupa zam'mbuyo. Imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri mu njira yoberetsera yachikazi, makamaka pa ntchito komanso nthawi yobereka. Ntchito yoyamba ya oxytocin ndikulimbikitsa minyewa ya uterine ndikumangiriza kwa oxytocin ma receptors minofu yosalala ya chiberekero. Izi ndizofunikira pakuyambitsa ntchito.

Pa nthawi ya ntchito, mwana akamayenda ndi ngalande yakubadwa, kumasulidwa kwa oxytocin kumawonjezeka, kumapangitsa kuti ophatikizidwa ndi amphamvu ndi anyezi omwe amathandiza kupereka mwana. Ngati mukuyenda mwachilengedwe kwa ntchito ndi pang'onopang'ono kapena kukhazikika, kupanga maxytocin kumatha kuperekedwa kudzera mu mtsempha wazachipatala kuti muthandizire ku chithumba ndikuthandizira pantchitoyo. Njirayi imadziwika kuti kuperewera kwa ntchito.

Kuphatikiza pa kukakamiza anthu, oxytocin amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuwongolera hemorrhage, chofala komanso chowopsa pambuyo pobadwa. Kubwera kwa hemorrhage nthawi zambiri kumachitika pamene chiberekero chimalephera kutchera bwino mukatha kubereka. Mwa kukulitsa zosemphana ndi uterine, oxytocin amathandizira kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa magazi, ndipo akuchepetsa chiopsezo kwa amayiwo omwe amabwera chifukwa cha magazi kwambiri.

Kuphatikiza apo, oxytocin amachita mbali yayikulu poyamwitsa. Mwana wakhanda akayamwa pa nipple ya mayi, oxytocin amasulidwa, ndikupangitsa mkaka kuti ugwirizane ndikukankha mkaka kudzera mu ducts, kutsogolera mkaka wa mkaka. Njirayi ndiyofunikira pakuyamwitsa bwino, ndipo oxytocin nthawi zina imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthandiza amayi omwe amakumana ndi mavuto.

Ponseponse, oxytocin ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo obstectrics, omwe ali ndi ntchito zofala kwambiri pakugawidwa kofala, kuwongolera kulowetsedwa kotengera hemorrhage, ndikuthandizira kuyamwitsa. Pomwe oxytocin nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito, makonzedwe ake ayenera kutsogozedwa ndi akatswiri azachipatala kuti aziwonetsetsa kuti ali ndi zotsatira zabwino komanso kuchepetsa zotsatira zoyipa.

Cartinndi mankhwala a oxytocin a analog makamaka amagwiritsidwa ntchito popewa kulowetsedwa kobadwako pambuyo pake, makamaka magawo a Cesarean. Kutulutsa m'mimba kwa hembo kumabweretsa zovuta zambiri zomwe zingachitike pambuyo pobadwa mwana, nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha chiberekero atony, pomwe chiberekero chimalephera mgwirizano. Carbacin imagwira ntchito pomanga maxyyocin olandila pamtunda wa chiberekero wosalala wa chiberekero, kuyika ma recectors awa, ndikuyika contractions contractions, pothandiza kuchepetsa kutaya magazi pambuyo pake.

Poyerekeza ndi axytocin achilengedwe, carbecin ali ndi moyo wautali, kutanthauza kuti amagwirabe ntchito m'thupi kwa nthawi yayitali. Ntchito yayitali iyi imalola kuti cartirocin ipatse zophatikiza zophatikiza, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zothandiza popewa matenda a pambuyo postratem. Kuphatikiza apo, carbettin safuna kulowetsedwa monga oxytocin koma amatha kuperekedwa ngati jakisoni imodzi, kusintha njira zosinthira matenda ndikuchepetsa kufunikira kwazinthu zamankhwala.

Kafukufuku wazachipatala asonyeza kuti pagalimoto yamankhwala athandiza kwambiri popewa kutaya magazi pambuyo pazifukwa za Cesarean, kuchepetsa kufunikira kwa mankhwala ena a chiberekero. World Health Organisation (yemwe) waphatikizapo mankhwala a carbecin ngati chithandizo chokwanira pambuyo pake choletsa hemorrhage, makamaka pakupanga zinthu zochepa zomwe makonzedwe oyambira amodzi ndiopindulitsa kwambiri.

Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti pomwe pali phindu lalikulu pakuteteza hemorrther hemorrhage, mwina silingakhale labwino pamavuto onse. Nthawi zina, monga uterine wophera magazi, kuphatikiza kwachilendo, kapena kufalitsa, njira zina zochizira zingakhale zoyenera. Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito kwa cartin kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa ndi akatswiri azaumoyo odziwa bwino za momwe zinthu zilili.

Mwachidule, gulu la oxtrocin la nthawi yayitali, limagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri popewa kulowetsa magazini yotsatira zigawo za ku Cesarean ndi zotumphukira. Mwa kulimbikitsa zophatikizira za uterine, zimachepetsa mphamvu za kutulutsa magazi pambuyo pake, kupereka chitetezo chofunikira kuti abereke kubereka.

TerlipreswinNdiwopanga ma takiditi a mankhwala antidiureureuretic makamaka omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza magazi otuluka chifukwa cha chiwindi a chiwindi, monga esophageal varkecal kutulutsa magazi. Kutulutsa magazi kwa Esthegeal ndi zovuta komanso zozama kwambiri kwa odwala omwe ali ndi chiwindi a chiwindi, pomwe hepatoreal syndrome ndi mtundu wa kulephera kwa impso komwe kumayambitsa matenda a chiwindi.

Terlipresresten imagwira ntchito poyang'ana machitidwe a antidiureureuretic mahomoni (vasopressin), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mitsempha ya visceral ya visceral, makamaka m'mimba thirakiti, potero kuchepetsa magazi am'madzi. Umboniwu umathandizira kutsitsa kwa portal vein, kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kutaya magazi. Mosiyana ndi ma vasoprestel vasopresten, terlipressen imakhalanso yayitali komanso mavuto ochepera, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamachitidwe azachipatala.

Kuphatikiza pa ntchito yake mu magazi, terlipresresnin imakhala ndi gawo lofunikira pochiza matenda a hepatortal syndrome. Hepatotnel matenda nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'njira zapamwamba za chiwindi wa cirrhosis, wodziwika ndi kuchepa msanga pa impso, ndi kupulumuka kochepa kwambiri. Terlipresresten imatha kukonza magazi kutuluka, kusintha kwa impso kutsika, ndipo kumasintha zotsatira za wodwala.

Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti ngakhale templipressentin imagwira bwino ntchito pochiza izi, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zimanyamula zoopsa zina, monga kulimba mtima. Chifukwa chake, terlipressin imaperekedwa kuchipatala mwakuyang'aniridwa ndi akatswiri azaumoyo kuti atsimikizire kuti chithandizo chamankhwala.

Mwachidule, terlipressin, monga mankhwalawa, amatenga gawo losasinthika pochiza magazi ndi hepatomeal syndrome yoyambitsidwa ndi chiwindi cirrhosis. Sikuti amangoyendetsa bwino magazi komanso amasintha ntchito ya impso, kupereka odwala omwe ali ndi mwayi wina wothandizanso.

Bivarudunndi mankhwalawa opanga mankhwala osokoneza bongo a thromn inromitor, makamaka mu handikoagant mankhwala, makamaka mu chisoti pachimake chorona (ma acs) ndi percufeneous kulowererapo (PCI). Chanchbin amatenga nawo gawo lofunikira pakusintha kwa magazi potembenuza fibrinogen kupita ku fibrin, kutsogolera ku mapangidwe a thrombus. Bivarudin imagwira ntchito molunjika ku malo ogwirizira a thrombon, kuletsa ntchito yake, motero zimakwaniritsa zotsatira zoyipa.

1. Zoletsa zachindunji za thrombin: Bivarudin amamangiriza mwachindunji ku malo ogwirizira a thromin, kutsekereza kuyanjana ndi fibrinogen. Kumangiriza uku ndi kwachindunji, kulola Bivaruudin kuti alepheretse onse a thrombombn a thrombomu ndi thymbin omwe amangidwa kale. Zotsatira zake, Bivaruudin imalepheretsa mapangidwe atsopano ndi kukulitsa kwa omwe alipo.
2. Kukhazikika kwamphamvu komanso kovomerezeka: Bivarudin ili ndi gawo lofulumira lazochita, kupanga mwachangu zotsutsana mwachangu pamakonzedwe a mtsempha. Poyerekeza ndi zinsinsi zachikhalidwe zopanda pake (monga heparin), kuchitapo kanthu kwa bivarudin sikuyimira pawokha kwa antithromin iii ndipo amapereka kovomerezeka. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zosokoneza zake zimalosera komanso zosavuta kuwongolera, makamaka pamachitidwe azachipatala omwe amayenera kuwongolera nthawi yopanga magazi, monga njira za PC.
3. Fupitsani theka-moyo: Bivarudin ili ndi theka locheperako, pafupifupi mphindi 25, kulola zotsatira zake kuti zitheke msanga pambuyo potaya. Khalidwe ili limapindulitsa makamaka kwa odwala omwe amafunikira mwachidule koma osavomerezeka, monga nthawi yolowererapo.
4. Kuopsa Kwamagazi Lotsika: Chifukwa cha zinthu zake, bivarudin amaperekanso kufooka kogwira mtima ndi chiopsezo chochepa chotuluka magazi. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti odwala omwe amathandizidwa ndi Bivaruudin amakhala ndi vuto lotsika magazi poyerekeza ndi omwe amalandila heparin kuphatikiza ndi GP IIB / IIIA zoletsa. Izi zimapangitsa bivarudin kukhala yotetezeka komanso yothandiza a acs ndi pci.

Mwachidule, Bivarudin, monga mwana wolunjika wachipembedzo, amapereka njira yapadera yochitira ndi maubwino azachipatala. Sikuti zimalepheretsa ampandomlen kuti ayiteteze mankhwala komanso ali ndi mapindu monga oyambilira, moyo wachidule, komanso kukhala pachiwopsezo chochepa. Chifukwa chake, Bivarudin amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza matenda a coronary syndromes komanso nthawi yolowererapo. Komabe, ngakhale panali mbiri yabwino kwambiri, iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mothandizidwa ndi akatswiri azaumoyo kuti awonetsetse kuti atetezedwe ndi kuthandizidwa.

Oncreatidendi malo opangira zopangira zomwe zimatengera zochita za Somalin. Somatotatin ndi mahomoni otulutsidwa ndi hypothelamos ndi minofu ina yomwe imalepheretsa chinsinsi cha mahomoni osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo mahomoni osiyanasiyana, insulin, glucagon, ndi miyala yam'mimba. Octrefetide amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamachitidwe azachipatala zochizira zinthu zosiyanasiyana, makamaka zomwe zimafunikira kuwongolera katulutsidwe kake ndi chotupa.

1. Chithandizo cha Acrmegaly: Acromegaly ndi vuto lomwe limayambitsidwa ndi kutulutsa kwamphamvu kwa kukula kwa mahomoni, nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha adenomary adenoma. Octrefetide imathandizira kutsitsa milingo ya mahomoni ndi insulin-ngati kukula - 1 (igf-1) m'magazi a acrmeamegaly, mapazi osokoneza matumbo ndi mapazi , ndi zowawa zolumikizirana.
2. Chithandizo cha carcinoid syndrome: Carcinoid syndrome imayamba chifukwa cha chinsinsi cha serotonin ndi zinthu zina zotupa zam'mimba zamimba, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ngati matenda otsetsereka, kuwuluka, ndi matenda amtima. Octreetide amawongolera bwino zizindikiro za carcinoid syndrome poletsa kubisalira kwa mahomoniwa ndi zinthu zina, potero kumathandizira moyo wambiri kwa odwala.
3. Chithandizo cha gastroentereatic neuromendtocrine zotupa (ma gep-ma rans): Maukonde ndi mtundu wocheperako wa chotupa chomwe nthawi zambiri chimachokera m'matumbo kapena kapamba. Octrefetide amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera kukula kwa zotupa izi ndi zizindikiro zomwe zimayambitsa, makamaka zotupa zomwe zimasuta mahomoni ambiri. Poletsa mahomoni omwe amatulutsidwa ndi zotupa, octrefetide amatha kuchepetsa kupezeka kwa matendawa ndipo, nthawi zina, kukula kotupa.
4. Ntchito Zina: Kuphatikiza pa zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa, octfenide amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kusokonekera kwa insulinomas, monga insulinomas, glucainomas, ndi mabulosi (zotupa zomwe zimasungidwa pamutu wa peptide). Kuphatikiza apo, octrefetii angagwiritsidwe ntchito pochiza pachimake heprorthagic mikhalidwe, monga kuwongolera magazi kumtunda kwa m'mimba yapamwamba komanso magazi a esophogel magazi.

Ponseponse, octrotide imapereka chithandizo chothandiza poletsa kutulika kwa mahomoni osiyanasiyana, makamaka pakuwongolera matenda ndi zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi kutulutsa kwa mahomoni. Komabe, popeza kuti octrotide ingayambitse zovuta zina, monga m'mimba, mapangidwe gaststone, ndi kusintha m'magazi a shuga, kuwunika mosamala ndi chitsogozo cha dokotala ndikofunikira.