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Semaglutidendi glucagon-ngati peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 2. GLP-1 ndi mahomoni amkati omwe amapangidwa ndi ma L-maselo m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono atatha kudya, akusewera magawo angapo athupi. Semaglutide imatsanzira machitidwe a thupi a GLP-1 ndikuwongolera shuga wamagazi ndi kulemera m'njira zitatu zazikulu:

1. Kupititsa patsogolo kutulutsa kwa insulin: GLP-1 imathandizira kutulutsa kwa insulin kuchokera m'maselo a pancreatic β-glycemia ikakwera, zomwe zimathandiza kutsitsa shuga m'magazi. Semaglutide imakulitsa njirayi poyambitsa cholandilira cha GLP-1, makamaka kutenga gawo lofunikira pakuwongolera hyperglycemia ya postprandial. Njirayi imathandizira Semaglutide kuchepetsa bwino ma spikes a shuga pambuyo pa chakudya, kuwongolera kuwongolera kwa glycemic kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 2.
2. Kuletsa Kutulutsa kwa Glucagon: Glucagon ndi timadzi timene timapangidwa ndi pancreatic α-maselo omwe amathandizira kutuluka kwa shuga m'chiwindi pamene kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumakhala kotsika. Komabe, mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 2, kutulutsa kwa glucagon nthawi zambiri kumachulukirachulukira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti shuga m'magazi achuluke. Semaglutide imalepheretsa kutulutsa kochulukirapo kwa glucagon poyambitsa cholandilira cha GLP-1, ndikuthandizanso kutsitsa shuga m'magazi.
3. Kuchepetsa Kutulutsa M'mimba: Semaglutide imachepetsanso kuthamanga kwa m'mimba, kutanthauza kuti kutuluka kwa chakudya kuchokera m'mimba kupita m'matumbo aang'ono kumachedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi pambuyo pa chakudya. Izi sizimangothandiza kuwongolera shuga wamagazi a postprandial komanso kumawonjezera kumva kukhuta, kuchepetsa kudya kwathunthu komanso kuthandizira pakuwongolera kulemera.

Pambuyo pa zotsatira zake pa kayendetsedwe ka shuga m'magazi, Semaglutide yawonetsa phindu lalikulu la kulemera kwa thupi, ndikupangitsa kukhala woyenera kulandira chithandizo cha kunenepa kwambiri. Kuchepetsa thupi ndikopindulitsa osati kwa odwala matenda ashuga okha komanso kwa omwe alibe matenda a shuga omwe ali ndi kunenepa kwambiri.

Njira yapadera komanso mphamvu yachipatala ya Semaglutide imapangitsa kuti ikhale mankhwala ofunikira pakuwongolera matenda a shuga. Kuonjezera apo, pamene kafukufuku akupita, ntchito zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito za Semaglutide mu chitetezo cha mtima ndi chithandizo cha kunenepa kwambiri zikuyang'aniridwa. Komabe, zotsatira zina, monga kupweteka kwa m'mimba ndi nseru, zikhoza kuchitika panthawi yogwiritsira ntchito Semaglutide, choncho iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito moyang'aniridwa ndi achipatala.

Liraglutidendi glucagon-ngati peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pochiza matenda amtundu wa 2 komanso kunenepa kwambiri. GLP-1 ndi mahomoni opangidwa ndi L-maselo m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono atatha kudya, ndipo imagwira ntchito zingapo pakuwongolera shuga wamagazi. Liraglutide amatsanzira zochita za GLP-1, zomwe zimakhala ndi zotsatirapo zingapo zofunika pathupi:

1. Kupititsa patsogolo kutulutsa kwa insulinMlingo wa shuga m'magazi ukakwera, GLP-1 imathandizira katulutsidwe ka insulin kuchokera m'maselo a pancreatic β, zomwe zimathandiza kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Liraglutide imakulitsa izi poyambitsa cholandilira cha GLP-1, makamaka kuwongolera kuwongolera shuga m'magazi panthawi ya postprandial hyperglycemia. Izi zimapangitsa Liraglutide kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi pambuyo pa chakudya kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 2.
2. Kuletsa Kutulutsa kwa Glucagon: Glucagon ndi timadzi tambiri tomwe timapangidwa ndi pancreatic α-maselo omwe nthawi zambiri amathandizira kutulutsa shuga m'chiwindi pamene shuga m'magazi atsika. Komabe, mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 2, katulutsidwe ka glucagon nthawi zambiri kamakhala kokwera kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti shuga wambiri m'magazi. Liraglutide imathandizira kuwongolera shuga wamagazi poletsa katulutsidwe ka glucagon, kuchepetsa kusinthasintha kwa shuga m'magazi mwa odwala matenda ashuga.
3. Kuchedwetsa Kutulutsa M'mimbaLiraglutide imachepetsanso kutuluka m'mimba, kutanthauza kuti kusuntha kwa chakudya kuchokera m'mimba kupita m'matumbo aang'ono kumachedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti glycemia ichuluke pang'onopang'ono pambuyo pa chakudya. Izi sizimangothandizira kuwongolera shuga m'magazi komanso zimawonjezera kumva kukhuta, kuchepetsa kudya komanso kuthandiza odwala kuthana ndi kulemera kwawo.
4. Kuwongolera Kulemera: Kuphatikiza pa zotsatira zake pakuwongolera shuga m'magazi, Liraglutide yawonetsa zabwino kwambiri pakuchepetsa thupi. Izi makamaka chifukwa cha zotsatira zake pakuchedwetsa kutulutsa m'mimba ndikuwonjezera kukhuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa ma calories komanso kuchepa thupi. Chifukwa chakuchita bwino pakuchepetsa thupi, Liraglutide imagwiritsidwanso ntchito pochiza kunenepa kwambiri, makamaka kwa odwala matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi kunenepa kwambiri.
5. Chitetezo cha Mtima: Kafukufuku waposachedwa wawonetsa kuti Liraglutide ilinso ndi zoteteza pamtima, kuchepetsa chiwopsezo cha zochitika zamtima. Izi zapangitsa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito kwambiri odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga komanso matenda amtima.

Mwachidule, Liraglutide imayang'anira shuga wamagazi ndi kulemera kwake kudzera m'njira zingapo, imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuwongolera matenda a shuga ndikuwonetsa kuthekera kwa chithandizo cha kunenepa kwambiri komanso chitetezo chamtima. Komabe, zovuta zina, monga nseru, kusanza, ndi hypoglycemia zimatha kuchitika mukamagwiritsa ntchito Liraglutide, chifukwa chake ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito moyang'aniridwa ndi achipatala kuti zitsimikizire chitetezo komanso kuchita bwino.

Tirzepatidendi mankhwala opangidwa ndi zinthu ziwiri za peptide omwe adapangidwa kuti nthawi imodzi ayambitse ma glucagon-ngati peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptors ndi insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) yodalira shuga. Dual receptor agonism imapatsa Tirzepatide maubwino apadera azachipatala pakuwongolera matenda amtundu wa 2 ndikuwongolera kulemera.

1. GLP-1 Receptor Agonism: GLP-1 ndi timadzi tambiri timene timapangidwa ndi L-maselo m'matumbo mutadya, kulimbikitsa katulutsidwe ka insulin, kuletsa kutulutsidwa kwa glucagon, ndikuchedwetsa kutulutsa m'mimba. Tirzepatide imawonjezera izi poyambitsa ma receptor a GLP-1, ndikuthandiza kutsitsa shuga m'magazi, makamaka pakuwongolera shuga wa postprandial. Kuphatikiza apo, GLP-1 receptor activation imawonjezera kukhuta, kuchepetsa kudya komanso kuthandizira kuchepetsa thupi.
2. GIP Receptor Agonism: GIP ndi mahomoni ena a incretin opangidwa ndi ma K-maselo m'matumbo, omwe amalimbikitsa katulutsidwe ka insulini ndikuwongolera kagayidwe ka mafuta. Tirzepatide imapangitsanso katulutsidwe ka insulin mwa kuyambitsa ma GIP receptors ndipo imakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pa metabolism yamafuta. Njira yapawiri iyi imapatsa Tirzepatide mwayi waukulu pakuwongolera kumva kwa insulin, kutsitsa shuga m'magazi, ndikuwongolera kulemera.
3. Kuchedwetsa Kutulutsa M'mimba: Tirzepatide imachedwetsanso kutulutsa m'mimba, kutanthauza kuti kuyenda kwa chakudya kuchokera m'mimba kupita kumatumbo aang'ono kumachepetsedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pang'onopang'ono muyambe kukwera kwa shuga pambuyo pa chakudya. Izi sizimangothandiza kuwongolera shuga wamagazi komanso kumawonjezera kumva kukhuta, kumachepetsanso kudya.
4. Kuwongolera Kulemera: Chifukwa cha kutsegulira kwake kwapawiri kwa GLP-1 ndi GIP receptors, Tirzepatide yawonetsa zotsatira zazikulu pakuwongolera kulemera. Kafukufuku wazachipatala awonetsa kuti Tirzepatide imatha kuchepetsa kwambiri kulemera kwa thupi, komwe kumakhala kopindulitsa kwambiri kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 omwe amafunika kuwongolera kulemera kwawo.

Njira yamitundu yambiri ya Tirzepatide imapereka njira yatsopano yochizira matenda amtundu wa 2, kuwongolera bwino shuga m'magazi ndikuthandiza odwala kuti achepetse thupi, potero amasintha thanzi lawo lonse. Ngakhale zotsatira zake zazikulu zachipatala, zotsatira zina, monga kupweteka kwa m'mimba, zimatha kuchitika mukamagwiritsa ntchito Tirzepatide, choncho ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito moyang'aniridwa ndi achipatala.

Oxytocinndi mahomoni opangidwa mwachilengedwe a peptide omwe amapangidwa mu hypothalamus ndikusungidwa ndikutulutsidwa ndi gland yapambuyo ya pituitary. Zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pa ubereki wa amayi, makamaka panthawi yobereka komanso panthawi yobereka. Ntchito yaikulu ya Oxytocin ndiyo kulimbikitsa kukangana kwa minofu ya chiberekero pomanga ma oxytocin receptors pa maselo osalala a chiberekero. Izi ndizofunikira poyambitsa ndi kusunga ndondomeko ya ntchito.

Pa nthawi ya leba, mwana akamadutsa m'njira yoberekera, kutulutsa kwa Oxytocin kumawonjezeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti uterine ikhale yolimba komanso yokhazikika yomwe imathandiza kubereka. Ngati kuchulukira kwachilengedwe kukuchedwa kapena kuyimitsidwa, Oxytocin ikhoza kuperekedwa kudzera m'mitsempha ndi achipatala kuti awonjezere kugundana kwa chiberekero ndikufulumizitsa ntchito yobereka. Njirayi imadziwika kuti induction induction.

Kuphatikiza pa kuchititsa munthu kubereka, Oxytocin imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poletsa kukha mwazi kwa pambuyo pa kubereka, vuto lodziwika bwino lomwe lingakhale lowopsa pambuyo pobereka. Kutaya kwa magazi pambuyo pa kubereka kumachitika pamene chiberekero sichigwira bwino pambuyo pobereka. Powonjezera kutsekeka kwa chiberekero, Oxytocin imathandizira kuchepetsa kutaya magazi, motero kumachepetsa chiopsezo ku thanzi la mayi chifukwa chotaya magazi kwambiri.

Kuphatikiza apo, Oxytocin imagwira ntchito yofunikira pakuyamwitsa. Mwana akayamwa pa nsonga ya mabere, Oxytocin imatulutsidwa, kuchititsa minyewa yamkaka kugundana ndikukankhira mkaka kudzera munjira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mkaka utuluke. Njira imeneyi ndiyofunikira kuti muyamwitse bwino, ndipo Oxytocin nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthandiza amayi omwe amakumana ndi zovuta panthawi yoyamwitsa.

Ponseponse, Oxytocin ndi mankhwala ofunikira kwambiri pazachikazi, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mofala pothandizira kubereka, kuletsa kutuluka kwa magazi pambuyo pobereka, ndikuthandizira kuyamwitsa. Ngakhale kuti Oxytocin nthawi zambiri imakhala yotetezeka kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito, kayendetsedwe kake kamayenera kutsogoleredwa ndi akatswiri azachipatala kuti atsimikizire kuti ali ndi zotsatira zabwino zochiritsira komanso kuchepetsa zotsatira zake.

Carbetocinndi analogue ya oxytocin yopangidwa makamaka yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa kutuluka kwa magazi pambuyo pa kubereka, makamaka potsatira njira ya opaleshoni. Kutaya kwa magazi pambuyo pa kubereka ndi vuto lalikulu lomwe likhoza kuchitika pambuyo pobereka, nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha chiberekero cha uterine, kumene chiberekero chimalephera kugwirizanitsa bwino. Carbetocin amagwira ntchito pomanga oxytocin zolandilira pamwamba pa uterine yosalala minofu maselo, kuyambitsa zolandilira izi, ndi kuchititsa kuti uterine contractions, potero kuthandiza kuchepetsa kutaya magazi pambuyo pobereka.

Poyerekeza ndi oxytocin wachilengedwe, Carbetocin imakhala ndi theka la moyo wautali, kutanthauza kuti imakhalabe yogwira ntchito mthupi kwa nthawi yayitali. Kuchita kwa nthawi yayitali kumeneku kumapangitsa Carbetocin kuti apereke kutsekeka kosalekeza kwa uterine, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yothandiza kwambiri popewa kutulutsa magazi pambuyo pobereka. Kuphatikiza apo, Carbetocin safuna kulowetsedwa mosalekeza ngati oxytocin koma amatha kuperekedwa ngati jekeseni imodzi, kufewetsa njira zachipatala komanso kuchepetsa kufunikira kwachipatala.

Kafukufuku wazachipatala awonetsa kuti Carbetocin ndiyothandiza kwambiri popewa kutuluka kwa magazi pambuyo pa opaleshoni, kuchepetsa kufunikira kwa mankhwala owonjezera a uterotonic. Bungwe la World Health Organisation (WHO) laphatikiza Carbetocin ngati chithandizo chodziwikiratu chopewera kutaya magazi kwanthawi yayitali, makamaka m'malo ocheperako pomwe ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito mlingo umodzi ndiwopindulitsa kwambiri.

Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti ngakhale Carbetocin imapereka phindu lalikulu popewa kutaya magazi pambuyo pobereka, ikhoza kukhala yosayenera nthawi zonse. Nthawi zina, monga kuchulukitsa kwa chiberekero, kutsekeka kwa placenta kwachilendo, kapena kutsekedwa, njira zina zothandizira zingakhale zoyenera kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito Carbetocin kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa ndi akatswiri odziwa zaumoyo kutengera momwe zinthu ziliri.

Mwachidule, Carbetocin, monga analogi ya oxytocin yogwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri popewa kutulutsa magazi pambuyo pobereka pambuyo pa opaleshoni komanso kubereka kwa ukazi. Mwa kulimbikitsa kutsekeka kwa chiberekero, kumachepetsa bwino chiopsezo chotaya magazi pambuyo pobereka, kupereka chitetezo chofunikira pakubala kotetezeka.

Terlipressinndi analogue yopangidwa ya antidiuretic mahomoni omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pochiza matenda otaya magazi omwe amayamba chifukwa cha matenda a chiwindi, monga esophageal variceal blood and hepatorenal syndrome. Kutuluka magazi m'mitsempha ya m'mitsempha ndizovuta komanso zovuta kwambiri kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la chiwindi, pamene matenda a hepatorenal ndi mtundu wa kulephera kwa impso komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi vuto lalikulu la chiwindi.

Terlipressin imagwira ntchito potengera zochita za antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mitsempha ya visceral itseke, makamaka m'mimba, potero amachepetsa kutuluka kwa magazi kupita ku ziwalo izi. Vasoconstriction iyi imathandizira kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa mtsempha wa portal, kuchepetsa chiwopsezo cha magazi a variceal. Mosiyana ndi vasopressin yachikhalidwe, Terlipressin imakhala ndi nthawi yayitali yochitapo kanthu komanso zotsatira zake zochepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazachipatala.

Kuphatikiza pa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake pakutaya magazi kwambiri, Terlipressin imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pochiza matenda a hepatorenal. Matenda a Hepatorenal amapezeka m'magawo apamwamba a chiwindi cha chiwindi, chodziwika ndi kuchepa kwachangu kwa impso, ndikukhala ndi moyo wotsika kwambiri. Terlipressin imatha kusintha magazi a aimpso, kusintha magwiridwe antchito a impso, ndikuwongolera kwambiri zotsatira za odwala.

Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti ngakhale kuti Terlipressin ndi yothandiza kwambiri pochiza mikhalidwe yovutayi, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake kumakhala ndi zoopsa zina, monga zotsatira za mtima. Chifukwa chake, Terlipressin nthawi zambiri imayendetsedwa m'chipatala moyang'aniridwa ndi akatswiri azachipatala kuti awonetsetse kuti mankhwalawa ndi otetezeka komanso ogwira mtima.

Mwachidule, Terlipressin, monga mankhwala peptide, amatenga gawo losasinthika pochiza pachimake magazi ndi hepatorenal syndrome chifukwa cha chiwindi matenda enaake. Sikuti amangowongolera bwino magazi komanso amathandizira kuti impso zigwire bwino ntchito, zomwe zimapatsa odwala mwayi wowonjezera chithandizo.

Bivalirudinndi mankhwala opangidwa ndi peptide omwe amadziwika kuti ndi thrombin inhibitor, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pa mankhwala a anticoagulant, makamaka mu acute coronary syndromes (ACS) ndi percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Thrombin imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakupanga magazi posintha fibrinogen kukhala fibrin, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti thrombus ipangidwe. Bivalirudin amagwira ntchito pomangirira mwachindunji malo omwe akugwira ntchito ya thrombin, kulepheretsa ntchito yake, motero amapeza zotsatira za anticoagulant.

1. Kuletsa kwachindunji kwa Thrombin: Bivalirudin amamanga mwachindunji pakati yogwira thrombin, kutsekereza kugwirizana kwake ndi fibrinogen. Kumangiriza kumeneku ndikokhazikika kwambiri, kulola Bivalirudin kuletsa zonse zaulere za thrombin ndi thrombin zomwe zimamangidwa kale ku kuundana. Chifukwa chake, Bivalirudin imalepheretsa kupanga mapangidwe atsopano ndikuwonjezera zomwe zilipo kale.
2. Kuyamba Kwachangu ndi Kuwongolera: Bivalirudin imayamba kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu, imatulutsa mwachangu zotsatira za anticoagulant pakuwongolera mtsempha. Poyerekeza ndi zoletsa zachikhalidwe za indirect thrombin inhibitors (monga heparin), zochita za Bivalirudin sizidalira antithrombin III ndipo zimapereka kuwongolera bwino. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zotsatira zake za anticoagulant zimakhala zodziwikiratu komanso zosavuta kuziwongolera, makamaka m'zochitika zachipatala zomwe zimafuna kuwongolera bwino nthawi ya coagulation, monga njira za PCI.
3. Short Hafu moyoBivalirudin ali ndi theka la moyo waufupi, pafupifupi mphindi 25, zomwe zimalola kuti anticoagulant yake iwonongeke msanga ikatha. Makhalidwewa ndi opindulitsa makamaka kwa odwala omwe amafunikira nthawi yochepa koma yotsika kwambiri ya anticoagulation, monga panthawi ya opaleshoni ya mitsempha.
4. Chiwopsezo Chochepa Chotulutsa Magazi: Chifukwa cha katundu wake, Bivalirudin imapereka anticoagulation yogwira mtima ndi chiopsezo chochepa chotaya magazi. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti odwala omwe amathandizidwa ndi Bivalirudin amakhala ndi vuto lochepa la kutaya magazi poyerekeza ndi omwe amalandira heparin pamodzi ndi GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors. Izi zimapangitsa Bivalirudin kukhala chisankho chotetezeka komanso chothandiza cha anticoagulant mwa odwala ACS ndi PCI.

Mwachidule, Bivalirudin, monga mwachindunji thrombin inhibitor, amapereka njira yapadera yochitira zinthu komanso ubwino wachipatala. Sikuti zimangolepheretsa bwino thrombin kuteteza mapangidwe a magazi koma zimakhalanso ndi zopindulitsa monga kuyambika mofulumira, moyo waufupi wa theka, ndi chiopsezo chochepa cha magazi. Chifukwa chake, Bivalirudin imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza matenda oopsa a coronary syndromes komanso panthawi yapakati. Komabe, ngakhale kuti ali ndi chitetezo chokwanira, chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito motsogoleredwa ndi katswiri wa zachipatala kuti atsimikizire chitetezo ndi mphamvu ya chithandizo.

Octreotidendi octapeptide yopangidwa yomwe imatsanzira zochita za somatostatin yachilengedwe. Somatostatin ndi mahomoni opangidwa ndi hypothalamus ndi minyewa ina yomwe imalepheretsa kutulutsa kwa mahomoni osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza kukula kwa timadzi, insulin, glucagon, ndi mahomoni am'mimba. Octreotide imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza matenda osiyanasiyana, makamaka omwe amafunikira kuwongolera katulutsidwe ka mahomoni komanso zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi chotupa.

1. Chithandizo cha Acromegaly: Acromegaly ndi vuto lomwe limayamba chifukwa cha kutulutsa kwamphamvu kwa timadzi tating'onoting'ono, nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha pituitary adenoma. Octreotide imathandizira kuchepetsa kukula kwa hormone ndi insulini-monga kukula factor-1 (IGF-1) m'magazi mwa kulepheretsa katulutsidwe ka hormone ya kukula, potero kuchepetsa zizindikiro za acromegaly, monga kukula kwa manja ndi mapazi, kusintha kwa nkhope. , ndi ululu m'malo olumikizira mafupa.
2. Chithandizo cha Carcinoid Syndrome: Matenda a Carcinoid amayamba chifukwa cha kutulutsidwa kwakukulu kwa serotonin ndi zinthu zina zowonongeka ndi zotupa za m'mimba za carcinoid, zomwe zimayambitsa zizindikiro monga kutsekula m'mimba, kuthamanga, ndi matenda a mtima. Octreotide imayendetsa bwino zizindikiro za matenda a carcinoid poletsa kutulutsidwa kwa mahomoni ndi zinthu izi, potero kumapangitsa moyo wabwino kwa odwala.
3. Chithandizo cha Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (GEP-NETs): GEP-NETs ndi chotupa chosowa chomwe nthawi zambiri chimachokera m'mimba kapena kapamba. Octreotide imagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa kukula kwa zotupazi ndi zizindikiro zomwe zimayambitsa, makamaka m'matumbo ogwira ntchito omwe amatulutsa mahomoni ambiri. Poletsa mahomoni opangidwa ndi zotupa, Octreotide imatha kuchepetsa kupezeka kwazizindikiro ndipo, nthawi zina, kuchepa kwa chotupacho.
4. Mapulogalamu Ena: Kuphatikiza pa ntchito zoyambirira zomwe tazitchula pamwambapa, Octreotide imagwiritsidwanso ntchito pochiza matenda ena osowa a endocrine, monga insulinomas, glucagonomas, ndi VIPomas (zotupa zomwe zimatulutsa vasoactive peptide m'matumbo). Kuphatikiza apo, Octreotide itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda oopsa a hemorrhagic, monga kuwongolera kutuluka kwa m'mimba kumtunda komanso kutuluka kwa magazi am'mimero.

Ponseponse, Octreotide imapereka chithandizo chothandiza poletsa kutulutsidwa kwa mahomoni osiyanasiyana, makamaka pakuwongolera matenda ndi zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi kutulutsa kwa timadzi. Komabe, popeza Octreotide ingayambitse zotsatira zina, monga kupweteka kwa m'mimba, kupanga ndulu, ndi kusintha kwa shuga m'magazi, kuyang'anitsitsa mosamala ndi kuchiza motsogozedwa ndi dokotala ndikofunikira.