FAQ

Ua nīnau pinepineʻia nā nīnau

He aha ka hana mua o ka hana o ka hana o semaglutide?

Semagnutudehe glucagon-like peptide-1 (glp-1) glp-1) i ka Agnist Agonist nui e mālama i nā pae koko nui i ka maʻi maʻi. ʻO GLP-1 kahi mea i hoʻopauʻia e ka L-cells ma ka'ōpū ma hope o kaʻaiʻana, e pāʻani ana i nā hana pohō. Nā Momiglutude Mimiks i nā hana phsitological o GLP-1 a hoʻoponopono i ke koko koko a me ke kaumaha maʻekolu ala nui:

  1. Ka hoʻolahaʻana i ka mea huna insulin: GLP-1 E hoʻoulu i ka hōʻike o ka insulin mai ka pancreatic β-cells inā hoʻokiʻekiʻeʻia nā pae koko. Hoʻopiliʻo Semaglutude i kēia kaʻina ma ka hanaʻana i ka GLP-1 Foreptor Ua hiki i kēia mīkini hana semaglutide e hōʻemi i ka post-flad collad Glucose Spikes Spils
  2. ʻO ka hōʻoiaʻana o Glucagon Secretion:ʻO Glucagon kahi hormone i hōʻikeʻia e nā pancreatic α-cell e hoʻolaha i ka hoʻokuʻuʻana i ka glucose mai ka nui o nā kahe koko ke kau nei i nā pae o ke koko. Eia nō naʻe, ma nā maʻi maʻi me keʻano he maʻi maʻi 2,ʻo Glucagon Secretion Hoʻokomoʻiaʻo Semaglutide i ka hōʻike nui o Glucagon e ka hanaʻana i ka GLP-1 Foreptor, kōkua hou i nā pae koko nui.
  3. Ke kali nei i ka heleʻana o Gastric: E hoʻolōʻihi i ka semaglutude i ka helu o ka gastric i ka hakahaka, keʻano o ka heleʻana o ka'ōpū mai ka'ōpū o ke koko. ʻAʻole kōkua wale kēia hopena i ka mālamaʻana i ke koko bodprandial postprandial akā hoʻonui hou i ka manaʻo o ka piha piha a kōkua i ka hoʻokele waiwai nui.

Ma waho o kāna hopena i ka hopena o ke koko Glucose, ua hōʻikeʻo Semaglutude i nā pōmaikaʻi koʻikoʻi, e hana ana i kahi kākoʻo no ka mālamaʻana i ka hanu. ʻO ka hōʻemi kaumaha ka pōmaikaʻiʻaʻole wale no ka maʻi maʻi diabetes akā no nā mea maʻi non-diabetic.

ʻO ka mea hana likeʻole a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻaʻana o ka semaglutude e hana ai i kahi lāʻau lapaʻau i loko o ka maʻi maʻi maʻi. Eia kekahi, e like me ka holomua o ka noiʻiʻana, nā noi kūpono o ka semaglutide ma ka mālamaʻana i ka cardiovascular Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi mau hopena likeʻole, e like me ka pōʻino o ka gastroinstinal a me ka maʻi maʻi, e hiki ana i ka wā o semagranudide, no laila e hoʻohanaʻia ma lalo o ka hoʻokolokolo loea.

He aha keʻano o ka hana o ka hana o ka liraglutude?

 

Liraglutudehe glucagon-like peptide-1 (glp-1) glp-1) i ka hana agonist nui i hoʻohana muaʻia ma ka mālamaʻana i nā maʻi 2 maʻi maʻi. ʻO Glp-1 kahi hormone i hūnāʻia e nā l-cell i ka'ōpū ma hope o kaʻaiʻana, a ke pāʻani nei i nā kuleana he nui i ke kūkuluʻana i ke koko. ʻO Liraglutude Mimics i ka hana o GLP-1, e hoʻowalewale i nā hopena physiological koʻikoʻi:

  1. Ka hoʻolahaʻana i ka mea huna insulin: Ke piʻi nei nā pae Glucose Glucose, GLP-1 Stimulates insulin recretion mai Pancreatic β-cell Hoʻonuiʻo Liraglutude i kēia kaʻina ma o ka hanaʻana i ka GLP-1 Fesptor, ke hoʻomaikaʻiʻana i ke koko glucose i ka wā o ka postprandial hyperglycemia. Hana kēia i ka liraglutide i hoʻohana nuiʻia i ka hoʻokeleʻana i nā pae koko-flad Glucose e pili ana i nā maʻi i nā maʻi me nā maʻi maʻi 2.
  2. ʻO ka hōʻoiaʻana o Glucagon Secretion:ʻO Glucagon kahi hormone i hōʻikeʻia e nā pancreatic α-cells e pili ana i ka hoʻokuʻuʻana i nā pae glucose mai ka wā e haʻahaʻa ana nā pae glucose. Eia nō naʻe, ma nā maʻi maʻi me keʻano he maʻi maʻi 2,ʻo Glucagon Sceretion e hoʻonui pinepineʻia, e alakaʻi ana i nā pae koko kiʻekiʻe. Kōkuaʻo Liraglutude i ke kahe koko koko ma ka hoʻopaʻaʻana i ka slucagon socretion, e hōʻemi ana i nā maʻi koko gold i nā maʻi maʻi maʻi.
  3. Lohi ana: Ke hoʻolōʻihi neiʻo Liraglutude i ka heleʻana o Gastric, keʻano o ka neʻeʻana o ka meaʻai mai ka'ōpū o ka'ōpū ma luna o ke kahe liʻiliʻi o ke koko. ʻO kēia hopenaʻaʻole wale nā ​​maʻi i ka mana o ke koko a hoʻonui hoʻi i ka manaʻo o ka pihaʻana a me ke kōkuaʻana i nā mea maʻi i ko lākou kaupaona.
  4. Ka hoʻokele kālā: Ma kahi o nā hopena i ka mana o ke koko Glucose, ua hōʻikeʻo Liraglutude i nā pōmaikaʻi nui loa. He nui nō kēia ma muli o kona hopena i ka wikiwiki o ka wikiwiki o ka haukapila a me ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka satuetude, eʻimi ana i ka wanaʻao caloliric a me ka kaumaha o ka cloud. Ma muli o kona hanaʻana i ka hōʻemiʻana i ka hōʻemiʻana, ua hoʻohana pūʻiaʻo Liraglutide i ka mālamaʻana i ka pōʻino, maʻamau i nā maʻi maʻi maʻi.
  5. Kāohi i ka pale o Cardiovascular: Ua hōʻike nā haʻawina hou i hōʻikeʻia e pili ana iā Liraglute i nā hopena pale o Cardiovascular, e hōʻemi ana i ka hopena o nā hanana cardiovascular. Ua alakaʻi kēia i kona hoʻohanaʻana i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻana i nā maʻi me nā maʻi maʻi maʻi a me nā maʻi cardiovascular.

I ka hōʻuluʻuluʻana,ʻo Liraglutude e hoʻoponopono i ke koko a me ke kaumaha ma o nā mea hana he nui a me ka hōʻikeʻana i ka maʻi curtical i ka mālamaʻana i ka maʻi. Eia naʻe, aia kekahi hopena pākahi, e like me ka nausea, e like me ka hana 'ana i ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka liraglutude, no laila, hiki i ka hoʻokae ke nānā aku.

He aha ka hana o ka hana o ka tirzepatide?

 

LāwaleiʻO kahi lāʻau lapaʻau i hanaʻoleʻia e hanaʻia i ka lāʻau lapaʻau i hoʻolālāʻia e hana i ka manawa like-like peptide-1 (glp Hāʻawi kēia kiʻi hou i ka Agontor Agnorism e hāʻawi i nā pono o nā mea lapaʻau e pono ai i ka clinical consolt

  1. Glp-1 Loaʻa Agonanism: GLP-1 He mau pale hope loa e ka l-cell i ka'ōpū ma hope o kaʻaiʻana, e lohi ana i ka hoʻokuʻuʻana i ka glucag. E hoʻonuiʻo Tirzepatide i kēia mau hopena ma o ka hanaʻana i nā glp-1 Hoʻohui hou, hoʻonuiʻiaʻo GLP-1 Loaʻa i ka hana o GLP-SMEPortor
  2. Gip resptor agonanism: GIP i kahi hormone proenen i hōʻikeʻia e K-cells i loko o ka'ōpū, e hoʻolaha ana i ka mea huna a me ka hoʻoponoponoʻana i ka intabolis. Ua hoʻonui houʻo Tirzepatide i nā mea huna insulin ma o ka hanaʻana i nā mea hoʻokipa GIP a loaʻa nā hopena maikaʻi ma ka momona momona. Hāʻawi kēia hana hana i ka hana i ka tirzepatide i kahi pono nui i ka hoʻomaikaʻiʻana i ka insulinity, e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ke kaupaonaʻana o ke koko.
  3. Lohi i ka heleʻana:ʻO TirZepatide pū kekahi i ka hanaʻana o Gastric, keʻano o ka neʻeʻana o ka meaʻai mai ka'ōpū o ka'ōpū ma luna o ke koko nui o ke koko. ʻAʻole ke kōkua wale kēia hopena i ka mālamaʻana i ke koko glucose akā hoʻonui hou i ka manaʻo o ka piha pihaʻana.
  4. Ka hoʻokele kālā: Ma muli o kāna hana liʻiliʻi o GLP-1 a me GIP Rep i hōʻikeʻia, ua hōʻikeʻiaʻo Tirzepatide i nā hopena koʻikoʻi ma ka hoʻokele koʻikoʻi. Ua hōʻikeʻo Clinical Studities i kēlā tirzepatide hiki ke hōʻemi nui i ke kaumaha kino,ʻo ia ka mea pono no keʻano he maʻi maʻi maʻi.

Hāʻawi ka mīkini multifacted o Tirzepatide i kahi kohoʻo Tirzeatic e hoʻokele i ka maʻi maʻi 2 ʻOiaiʻo ia mau hopena lapaʻau nui, e like me nā hopenaʻelua, e like me ka hopena o ka girrtiinstinal, e hiki ke hoʻohanaʻia ma lalo o ka mana o ka maʻi.

He aha ka hana mua o Oxytocin?

 

Oxytocinhe mea kūlohelohe e hana ana i ka hormone promone synthesized i loko o ka hypothamus a mālamaʻia a hoʻokuʻuʻia e ka mea hoʻopuka posterivers. E pāʻani ana i kahi kūlana koʻikoʻi i ka'ōnaehana resuictive wahine, kūikawā i ka hana a me ka manawa postpartum. ʻO ka hana mua o Oxytocin e hoʻoulu i nā'ōkuhi'ōiwi e pili ana i ka hoʻopiliʻana i nā mea hou o Oxytocin ma nā wahi o ka'ōpū o ka'ōpū. ʻO kēia hana he kumu nui no ka hoʻomakaʻana a me ka mālamaʻana i ke kaʻina hana o ka hana.

I ka wā o ka hana, e like me ke kaʻaʻana o ke pēpē ma loko o ke kahe hānau, e piʻi ana keʻano o ka oxytocin e kōkua i ka mālamaʻana i ka pēpē. Inā lohi paha ka holomua o ka hana o ka hana, a paʻa paha i nā mea hana synthetic e hoʻomaikaʻiʻia e ka mea lawelawe olakino e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ke kaʻina hana. Uaʻikeʻia kēia kaʻina hana e like me ka hanaʻana i ka hana.

Ma kahi o ka hoʻopiliʻana i ka hana,ʻo Oxytocin i hoʻohana nuiʻia e mālama i ka hempartage postarhage Loaʻa pinepineʻo Postpartum Hemorrhage i ka wā e pauʻole ai ka uterus i ka manawa kūpono ma hope o ka laweʻana. Ma ka hoʻonuiʻana i nā mea hana manuahi, kōkuaʻo Oxytocin i ka hōʻemiʻana i ke koko, ma laila e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka pilikia o ka makuahine.

Eia nō naʻe,ʻo Oxytocin e pāʻani ana i kahi hana koʻikoʻi ma ka umauma. I ka wā e hana ai kahi pēpē ma ka nipple o ka makuahine He mea nui kēia kaʻina hana no ka umauma ikaika, aʻo ka oxytocin i kekahi manawa i hoʻohanaʻia e kōkua i nā wahine i loaʻa nā pilikia i ka wā o ka lactation.

ʻO Overrall,ʻo Oxytocin he lāʻau lapaʻau i loko o nā mea hana, me nā noi e pili ana i ka hanaʻana, a ke kākoʻo nei i ka umauma. ʻOiaiʻo Oxytocin ka palekana e hoʻohana ai, e hoʻomaʻamaʻaʻia konaʻoihana e nā mea lapaʻau e hōʻoia ai i nā hopena maikaʻiʻole a hōʻemi i nā hopena hopena maikaʻi.

He aha ka hana o ka carbetocin?

 

Kaʻaikinihe synthetic oxycin alelog nui i hoʻohana muaʻia e pale i ka hempartum hemorrhage, kūikawā e hahai ana i nā'āpana cesarean. ʻO ka hemorrharmage he subshage koʻikoʻi e hiki ai i keʻano o ka hānau keiki Hanaʻiaʻo Carbetocin e ka hoʻopaʻaʻana i nā mea hou o Oxytocin ma luna o ka papa o nā mea hanaʻino

Ua hoʻohālikelikeʻia i ke kūlohelohe oxytocin,ʻo Carbbetocin he lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ke ola,ʻo keʻano he mea e mālama ai i ke kino no kahi manawa lōʻihi. Hāʻawi kēia hana i kahi hana i ka carbetocin e hāʻawi i nā mea hana hou hou aku, e hana hou ana i ka paleʻana i ka hemparhage. Eia kekahi,ʻaʻole pono ke kiʻi i ka carbetocin e like me ka oxytocin akā hiki ke lawelaweʻia e like me ke koiʻana i nāʻoihana olakino.

Ua hōʻike nuiʻia nā haʻawina Clinical i lilo i ka carbetocin e pono ai ka paleʻana i nā'āpana ceseding e pili ana i nā hana cesarean e hōʻemi ana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau hou aku. ʻO ka hui olakino olakino (ʻo wai) i hoʻokomo i ka carbetocin ma keʻano he mālama maʻamau no ka mālamaʻana i nā mea hana he nui.

He mea nui ia e hoʻomaopopo i keʻano o ka carbetocin i nā pōmaikaʻi nui i ka paleʻana i ka hemparthage,ʻaʻole kūpono ia no nā kūlana a pau. Ma kekahi mau hihia, e like me ka mea i hoʻopiliʻia, ka hoʻopiliʻana o ka mea hoʻopili, a iʻole e hoʻopili ai i nā mea hana'ē aʻe. No laila, pono e hoʻoholoʻia ka hoʻohanaʻana o ka carbetocin e nā mea mālama olakino e pili ana i nā mea lapaʻau e pili ana i nā kūlana kūikawā.

I ka hōʻuluʻuluʻana, Carbetocin, e like me ka lōʻihi o Oxytocin Analog Ma ka hoʻolahaʻana i nā'ōkuhi manuahi, e hoʻoemi ia i ka hopena o ka postpartum bleeding, hoʻolako i ka palekana koʻikoʻi no ka mālamaʻana i ka hānauʻana.

He aha ka hoʻohanaʻana o ka trlipressin?

 

KaukaMākaʻihe mea hana synthetic o ka hormone antidiretic nui i hoʻohana muaʻia e mālama i nā maʻi koko i hanaʻia e nā cirrhoris cirrhoge a hepopornal vandrome. ʻO ka cluceing variceal valiceal he maʻamau a me ka paʻakikī i nā maʻi me nā cirrhosis o ka cirrhosis,ʻoiai heʻano o ka stondrore.

Hanaʻiaʻo Terlipressid e ka mimicking i ka hana o ka hormone maikaʻi (vasopressin), ke kumu o ke komoʻana i ke koko o nā maʻi kīwaha. Kōkua kēia Vasoconstriction e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ke kaomi o ka waihona ma keʻano o ke kaomiʻana, e hōʻemi ana i ka hopena o keʻano o nāʻano varticeal. ʻAʻole e like me Vasopressin Vasopressin,ʻo Terlipressin kahi lōʻihi loa o ka hana a me nā hopena liʻiliʻi, e hana nui ana i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa cinical.

Ma kahi o kāna hoʻohanaʻana i ka hana koko, ke pāʻani neiʻo Terlipressin i kahi hana koʻikoʻi ma ka mālamaʻana i ka hana hepatorenal. Loaʻa pinepineʻo Hepatorenaal Syndronnal i nā pae kiʻekiʻe o ka cirrhosis o ka cirrhosis, i hōʻikeʻia e ka wikiwiki o ka rapid, me kahi helu ola haʻahaʻa loa. Hiki i ka terlipressin ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kahe koko o ke koko, e hoʻohuli i ka hana a ke keiki, a hoʻonui nui i nā hopena maʻi.

He mea nui ia e hoʻomaopopo i ka wā e hana maikaʻi loa anaʻo Terlipressin i kēia mau kūlana koʻikoʻi, laweʻia kona hoʻohanaʻana i kekahi mau pilikia. No laila,ʻo ka mea i lawelaweʻiaʻo Strliripressin ma kahi o ka hale hoʻokipa ma lalo o ka mālamaʻana ma lalo o nāʻoihana olakino e hōʻoia i ka palekana a me ka pono o ka mālamaʻana.

I ka hōʻuluʻuluʻana, Terlipressin, e like me ka lāʻau lapaʻau peptide, e pāʻani i kahi hana maikaʻiʻole e mālama ai i keʻano o ke cirrhosis. ʻAʻole wale ia e pili pono ana i ke kokoʻana akā hoʻomaikaʻi pū kekahi i ka hana a me nā mea maʻi i nā manawa hou no ka mālama houʻana.

He aha ka hana o ka hana o ka hana o ka bilimaridin?

 

Pilihianhhe lāʻau lapaʻau lāʻau lapaʻau stockhetic e like me ka mea i loko o ka thorbin thorbin,ʻoi aku ka hoʻohanaʻana no keʻano o keʻano coronary (acc). Ke pāʻani neiʻo Thrombin i kahi hana koʻikoʻi ma keʻano o ke koko koko ma ke hoʻololiʻana i ka fibringen e alakaʻi i ka hana thrombus. Hanaʻiaʻo BIKARURUDIN e ka hoʻopaʻaʻana i ka pūnaewele ikaika o ka thrombin, e hoʻohilahila i kāna hana, no laila e hoʻokō ana i nā hopena Anticoagulant.

  1. Ke kuhikuhiʻana i ka hōʻailona o ka thrombin: BIKINARURUDIN BINDS pololei i ke kikowaena ikaika o ka thrombin, ke kāohi nei i kona pilina me ka fibronigen. ʻO kēia binding he kiko'ī nui loa,ʻaeʻiaʻo Bilitaridin e hoʻopaʻaʻia i ka thrombin manuahi a me ka thrombin i hoʻopaʻaʻia i nā clots. No laila,ʻo ia hoʻi,ʻo Bialirudin e mālama pono i ka hoʻokumuʻana o nā kīʻaha hou a me ka hoʻonui o nā mea i loaʻa.
  2. Rapid onset a me ka controllability:ʻO BiativirUudin i loaʻa i ka hana wikiwiki o ka hana, e hoʻopuka koke ana i nā hopena Anticoagulant ma luna o ka hoʻokele antivenous Hoʻohālikelikeʻia i nā mea hana maʻamau ʻO kēia ka mea e loaʻa ai nā hopena Anticoagulant aʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻokele, kūikawā i nā kūlana clinical e koi ana i ka manawa kūpono, e like me nā kaʻina hana o PCI.
  3. ʻO ka hapa pōkole-ola:ʻO Biacitiruudin i kahi manawa pōkole loa, he mau makahiki likeʻole, ma kahi o 25 mau minuke, eʻae ana i kāna mau hopena Anticoagulant e wehe koke i ka distipate. He pōmaikaʻi nui kēiaʻano no nā mea maʻi e koi ana i kahi pōkole pōkole akāʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, e like me nā kaʻina hana coronary.
  4. Nā pilikia koko haʻahaʻa: Ma muli o kāna mau waiwai, hāʻawiʻo Bialiriridin Ua hōʻikeʻia nā haʻawina e hanaʻia nā mea maʻi me ka bolichudin i kahi haʻahaʻa o nā hoʻopiʻi i hoʻohuiʻia i nā mea i hoʻohuiʻia me GP IPIG / IIIA ISIGOST. Hana kēia i ka bialirudin i kahi koho a me ka palekana antiicoagulant e koho i nā maʻi a me nā maʻi PCI.

I ka hōʻuluʻuluʻana,ʻo ke kelepona, e like me kahi inthin thirbin pololei, hāʻawi i kahi mea hana mechantim o nā hana a me nā mea holomua. ʻAʻole wale ia e mālama pono i ka thrombin e pale i ka hoʻokumuʻana o ka clot akā loaʻa nā pōmaikaʻi e like me ka rapid one. No laila, ua hoʻohana nuiʻiaʻo Biatinirusin i ka mālamaʻana i nā syndromes coronary a i ka wā o ka intervent coronary. Eia naʻe,ʻoiaiʻo ia kaʻaoʻao palekana palekana kiʻekiʻe, pono e hoʻohanaʻia ma lalo o ke alakaʻi o kahi alakaʻi olakino e hōʻoia i ka palekana palekana a me ka pono.

He aha ka hana nui o ka hana mua?

 

Occreidehe synthetic ictapeptide i hana i ka hana i ka hana o keʻano kūlohelohe. ʻO Somatotatin kahi hormone i hōʻikeʻia e ka hypothalamus a me nā mea'ē aʻe e pale ai i ka hunaʻana o nā hormone likeʻole, me ka uluʻana, a me ka glucagon, glucagon, glucagon Hoʻohana nuiʻiaʻo Ocretide i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa hoʻomaʻamaʻaʻana no ka mālamaʻana i nā kūlana likeʻole, kūikawā e koi ana i ka mana o ka hormone secretion a me nā hōʻailona likeʻole.

  1. Ka mālamaʻana i ka acromegaly:ʻO Acromegaly kahi kūlana i kumuʻia e ka mea huna nui o ka uluʻana o ka uluʻana o ka uluʻana, maʻamau ma muli o kahi Adenoma. Kōkuaʻo Ocretide i nā pae o ka ulu ulu a me ka insulin-like me ka uluʻana o ka hormone-1 (igf-1) e like me ka hoʻonuiʻana o nā lima a me nā wāwae , a me kaʻehaʻeha.
  2. Ka mālamaʻana i ka serccoid syndrome: Ua hanaʻiaʻo Carcinod Syndrome i ka hōʻike nui o Soryoin a me nā mea waiwai'ē aʻe e like me nā hōʻailona o Guastrhead e like me ka maʻi maʻi. ʻO ka manaolana maikaʻi loa ma ka lewa o Carctinikod Syndrinod ma ka hoʻowahāwahāʻana i ka moniʻana o kēia mau pepeiao no nā maʻi.
  3. ʻO ka mālamaʻana i nā pahu o GastroentEndorocreatic NeueronCrine Tumors (Gee-Nets): Heʻano likeʻole nā ​​gep-Nets Hoʻohanaʻiaʻo Occretide e kāohi i ka uluʻana o kēia mau'āpana a me nā hōʻailona lākou e hana ai,ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea hana e pili ana i nā hormone. I ka hoʻopauʻana i nā hormods i hoʻomanaʻoʻia e nā tumors, hiki i ka octretide ke hōʻemi i ka uluʻana o nā hōʻailona a, i kekahi mau hihia ulu lohi.
  4. Nā noi'ē aʻe: Ma kahi o nā hoʻohana mua i hōʻikeʻia ma luna nei,ʻo Octreitide e hoʻohanaʻia i kekahi mau mea hoʻonāukiuki Eia kekahi, hiki ke hoʻohanaʻiaʻo OctRatide ma ka mālamaʻana i nā kūlana hemorrhagic, e like me ke kāohiʻana i nāʻano chastrical kiʻekiʻe.

Ke hāʻawi neiʻo Overrall, e hāʻawiʻo Ocretide i kahi mālama kūpono e ka hoʻopiliʻana i ka huna o nā hormone likeʻole, e pili ana i nā maʻi a me nā hōʻailona e pili ana i ka maʻi hormone. Eia naʻe, mai ka manawa o Octreotide e kumu ai i nā hopenaʻaoʻao, e like me ka hopena o GuastroinTentinal,ʻo Galstone e pili ana i keʻano o ke alakaʻiʻana o ke kauka.

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