I studied Zen for fifteen years, and still have an interest in philosophy, particularly the eastern ones, and also stoicism. But I do resent how Zen has been used by modern culture and even used as an excuse to embrace death. A Zen monk would live an austere existence, but with a rich inner life. In many ways a recipe for a healthy, long and happy life.

On March 12, 2019, our Board re-appointed Alon Amit, CPA, from Raveh Ravid & Co. CPA, Tel Aviv, Israel, as the Company’s internal auditor, effective as of January 1, 2019, for a period of two years.

Vascular endothelial cells play an important role in modulating anti-thrombus and maintaining the natural function of vascular by secreting many active substances. β-boswellic acid (β-BA) is an active triterpenoid compound from the extract of boswellia serrate. In this study, it is demonstrated that β-BA ameliorates plasma coagulation parameters, protects endothelium from blood stasis induced injury and prevents blood stasis induced impairment of endothelium-dependent vasodilatation. Moreover, it is found that β-BA significantly increases nitric oxide (NO) and cyclic guanosine 3’, 5’-monophosphate (cGMP) levels in carotid aortas of blood stasis rats. To stimulate blood stasis-like conditions in vitro, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to transient oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD). Treatment of β-BA significantly increased intracellular NO level. Western blot and immunofluorescence as well as immunohistochemistry reveal that β-BA increases phosphorylation of enzyme nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) at Ser1177. In addition, β-BA mediated endothelium-dependent vasodilatation can be markedly blocked by eNOS inhibitor L-NAME in blood stasis rats. In OGD treated HUEVCs, the protective effect of β-BA is attenuated by knockdown of eNOS. In conclusion, the above findings provide convincing evidence for the protective effects of β-BA on blood stasis induced endothelial dysfunction by eNOS signaling pathway.

We are a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on the development of Aramchol, a liver targeted stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase-1, or SCD1, modulator, first in class, novel, oral therapy for the treatment of NASH for variable populations. In June 2018, we announced top line data from our ARREST Phase 2b clinical study, a multicenter, randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study, designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Aramchol in 247 subjects with NASH, who are overweight or obese, and who are pre-diabetic or type-II-diabetic. We are currently focused on preparing for an end of Phase 2b meeting with the FDA to discuss the results of the ARREST Study and a proposed Phase 3/4 study protocol for the pivotal ARMOR Study, with a view to initiating the ARMOR Study at the end of the second quarter or early in the third quarter of 2019.

Pursuant to the terms of the Samil Agreement, following the first achievement of US$25 million of net sales in any calendar year following the first commercial sale of the Product in the Territory, Samil shall have the option to request that the Licensed Information include methods for the formulation of Aramchol from its API, to allow for the manufacture of Aramchol by Samil; provided, however, that we shall have the option, to widen the definition of the Licensed Information as aforesaid at any time.

FDA approval of the 22.5-mg formulation of triptorelin was based on data from a 48-week, phase 3 clinical trial showing that treatment yielded a mean testosterone serum level of 12.8 ng/dL, well below castration levels associated with androgen deprivation therapy.

The following table sets forth our selected consolidated financial data for the periods ended and as of the dates indicated, which reflects the financial data of the Company and the financial data of Galmed Holdings Inc., a holdings company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands, or GHI, our predecessor, prior to the Reorganization (as described below). The following selected consolidated financial data for our Company should be read in conjunction with the financial information, “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” and other information provided elsewhere in this annual report and our consolidated financial statements and related notes. The selected consolidated financial data in this section is not intended to replace the consolidated financial statements and is qualified in its entirety thereby. In the opinion of our management, our unaudited consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of our financial position, results of operations and cash flows as of and for the periods indicated therein.

I agree they are healthy compared to their compatriots, but I don’t regard them as healthy. I think the mitochondrial membrane pore is the mechanism by which cells carry out apoptosis, at the behest of the mitochondria who dump their innards out into the cell prompting the nucleus to order self destruct. I think those that reach very old age have not only a naturally low MTOR, but probably also a natural resistance to apoptosis. This might mean some get cancer earlier in life, or perhaps they’re protected from cancer too by low MTOR or other mechanisms. I’ve heard that the very old often die of transthretin amyloid build up in the heart. But they also have very few remaining stem cells, according to the analysis of the blood of one, so they might be coming up against replicative senesnce too.

Any future collaborations that we enter into may not be successful. The success of our collaboration arrangements will depend heavily on the efforts and activities of our collaborators. Collaborators generally have significant discretion in determining the efforts and resources that they will apply to these collaborations. Disagreements between parties to a collaboration arrangement regarding clinical development and commercialization matters can lead to delays in the development process or commercializing the applicable product candidate and, in some cases, termination of the collaboration arrangement. These disagreements can be difficult to resolve if neither of the parties has final decision making authority. Moreover, collaborations with pharmaceutical or biotechnology companies and other third parties are often terminated or allowed to expire by the other party. Any lack of effort or ability by our collaborators or any such disagreement, termination or expiration could adversely affect us financially and could harm our business reputation.

Bryceson, Y. T., March, M. E., Ljunggren, H. G. & Long, E. O. Synergy among receptors on resting NK cells for the activation of natural cytotoxicity and cytokine secretion. Blood 107, 159–166 (2006).

If the securities analysts that currently cover our stock, or will do so in the future, or industry analysts do not publish or cease publishing research or reports about us, our business or our market, or if they adversely change their recommendations or publish negative reports regarding our business or our shares, our share price and trading volume could be negatively impacted.

Josh Excellent, detailed and comprehensive as usual. One of your readers( Ea) made me aware of a study on tocotrienols in relation to cellular senescence. Incredibly this study shows a promotion of senescence in cancer cells, while preventing senescence in normal cells, and also acting with quercetin as senolytics to clear already formed senescent cells. eurekaselect.com 134723. Pleiotropic Effects of Tocotrienols and Quercetin on cellular Senescence.