Our U.S. shareholders may suffer adverse tax consequences due to our classification as a passive foreign investment company).

Antoniades, C. et al. Role of asymmetrical dimethylarginine in inflammation-induced endothelial dysfunction in human atherosclerosis. Hypertension 58, 93–98, doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.168245 (2011).

I do not eat flesh foods, and have not since age 16, after seeing a documentary on how they slaughter animals, so that may help keep IGF-1 lower.

        All brand names or trademarks appearing in this report are the property of their respective holders. Unless the context requires otherwise, references in this report to the "Company," "we," "us," and "our" refer to Ra Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Products eligible for patent term extension (PTE) include human drugs[i], human biological products such as viruses, therapeutic sera, toxins, antitoxins, vaccines, blood/blood components or derivatives, allergenic products, or analogous products[ii], animal drugs and veterinary biologics, medical devices, and food or color additives subject to regulation under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA).[iii]

        Our management has broad discretion to use our cash and cash equivalents to fund our operations and could spend these funds in ways that do not improve our results of operations or enhance the value of our common stock. The failure by our management to apply these funds effectively could result in financial losses that could have a material adverse effect on our business, cause the price of our common stock to decline and delay the development of our product candidates. Pending our use to fund operations, we may invest our cash and cash equivalents in in short-term, investment-grade, interest-bearing securities. These investments may not yield a favorable return.

Derek mentioned nitrosamines in cured meats. When the US first started tracking cancer in the 1930s, stomach cancer was the top form of cancer. It still is in much of the world, while in the US, it’s not longer even in the top 10. This is almost entirely due to prevention thru better diets. While all the factors associated with the drop in stomach cancer in the US aren’t known, it is known that stomach cancer is highly tied to diet. While there are negative aspects of modern food, the cancer risk posed by food is far less than it once was. One aspect of this is thought to be less expose to nitrosamines in food.

Endothelium plays a predominant role in maintaining vascular homeostasis by means of modulation9. It has been demonstrated that blood stasis syndrome is closely related to hemorheological disorder, platelet dysfunction, vascular endothelium injury, microcirculation disturbance, inflammation and immunological regulation10. Endothelium is responsible for the maintenance of vascular homeostasis, thereby contributes to regulating vascular tone and thrombosis and also the proliferation and migration of smoothing muscle cell11,12. This balance may be disturbed and the endothelial cells are often damaged when disease arises, which could result in dysfunction and abnormal secretion of active substances (e.g. NO, NOS, ET-1, and prostacyclin PGI2)13.

        Except where the result would be antidilutive to net income, diluted net income per share is computed assuming the conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock, the exercise of warrants, the exercise of common stock options and the vesting of RSUs and RSAs (using the treasury stock method), as well as their related income tax effects.

        First-line therapy for mild symptomatic gMG is with inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase, the enzyme that breaks down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, such as pyridostigmine bromide, marketed as Mestinon by Valeant Pharmaceuticals. If remission is not achieved with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, a course of systemic immunosuppressive therapy may be initiated. These agents have inconsistent evidence of efficacy, and all are associated with long term-toxicities. These agents include corticosteroids, azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, and rituximab. Surgical removal of the thymus is sometimes performed in patients with moderate to severe gMG to try to switch off the production of autoantibodies. Intravenous immunoglobulin, or IVIG, and plasma exchange may be used in patients with severe myasthenia or recurrent exacerbation and crisis.

Commencement of our ARMOR Study is subject to the success of our planned end of Phase 2b meeting with the FDA and acceptance of our planned IND or foreign equivalent by the FDA and other regulatory authorities and even if commenced and completed, the outcome is inherently uncertain.

Sun, Y. G. et al. Involvement of P311 in the affective, but not in the sensory component of pain. Molecular pain. 4, 23 (2008).