The following is a summary description of the material terms of those transactions with related parties to which we, or our subsidiaries, are party and which were in effect since January 1, 2018.

The action potential of a sinoatrial node (SAN) cell is characterized by the presence of a progressive diastolic depolarization between −65 mV and −45 mV. Although the diastolic depolarization results from the concerted action of several currents, Ih, which was identified in the late 1970s, serves as a primary initiator. Hyperpolarization activated cyclic-nucleotide gated (HCN) channels represent the molecular correlate of the currents Ih or If in SAN and neuronal cells. The sensitivity of these channels to cyclic-nucleotides enables Ih to adjust to stimulation of the autonomic nervous system.

Other than as described above, we did not have any material commitments for capital expenditures, including any anticipated material acquisition of plant and equipment or interests in other companies, as of December 31, 2018.

Pekarova, M. et al. Asymmetric dimethylarginine regulates the lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production in macrophages by suppressing the activation of NF-kappaB and iNOS expression. European journal of pharmacology 713, 68–77, doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.05.001 (2013).

The Pharma Services business of Thermo Fisher Scientific will invest $150 Million at three facilities.

We are subject to the reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or the Exchange Act, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the listing requirements of the Nasdaq Capital Market, on which our ordinary shares are traded, and other applicable securities rules and regulations. The Exchange Act requires that we file periodic reports with respect to our business and financial condition and maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting. In addition, subsequent rules implemented by the SEC and the Nasdaq Capital Market may also impose various additional requirements on public companies. As a result, we incurred and will continue to incur additional legal, accounting and other expenses that we did not incur as a privately-held company, particularly after we are no longer considered an “emerging growth company” as defined in the JOBS Act. Further, the need to establish the corporate infrastructure demanded of a public company may divert management’s attention from implementing our development plans. We have made and will continue to make changes to our corporate governance standards, compensation policy, disclosure controls and financial reporting and accounting systems to meet our reporting obligations and applicable law. The measures we take, however, may not be sufficient to satisfy our obligations as a public company, which could subject us to delisting of our ordinary shares, fines, sanctions and other regulatory action and potentially civil litigation.

Shi, J., Badri, K. R., Choudhury, R. & Schuger, L. P311-induced myofibroblasts exhibit ameboid-like migration through RalA activation. Experimental cell research. 312, 3432–3442 (2006).

If you want to knock intermittent use of Rapamycin, present some evidence about intermittent use of Rapamycin.

We may acquire or in-license additional product candidates and technologies. Any product candidate or technologies we in-license or acquire will likely require additional development efforts prior to commercial sale, including extensive pre-clinical or clinical testing, or both, and approval by the FDA and applicable foreign regulatory authorities, if any. All product candidates are prone to risks of failure inherent in pharmaceutical product development, including the possibility that the product candidate, or product developed based on in-licensed technology, will not be shown to be sufficiently safe and effective for approval by regulatory authorities. In addition, we cannot assure that any product candidate that we develop based on acquired or in-licensed technology that is granted regulatory approval will be manufactured or produced economically, successfully commercialized or widely accepted or competitive in the marketplace. Moreover, integrating any newly acquired or in-licensed product candidates could be expensive and time-consuming. If we cannot effectively manage these aspects of our business strategy, our business may not succeed.

Dividends paid on the ordinary shares will not be eligible for the “dividends-received” deduction generally allowed to corporate U.S. Holders with respect to dividends received from U.S. corporations.

There are a number of products in development for NASH, many of which are being developed by pharmaceutical companies that are far larger than us, with significantly greater resources and more experience than us in all aspects of drug development and commercialization. Further, our industry is highly competitive and subject to rapid and significant technological change. Our potential competitors include large, fully-integrated pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, specialty pharmaceutical and generic drug companies, academic institutions, government agencies and research institutions. All of these competitors currently engage in, have engaged in or may engage in the future in the development, manufacturing, marketing and commercialization of new pharmaceuticals, some of which may compete with Aramchol or other product candidates. Smaller or early stage companies may also prove to be significant competitors, particularly through collaborative arrangements with large, established companies. These companies may have products in development that are superior to Aramchol. Key competitive factors affecting the commercial success of Aramchol and any future product candidates that we develop are likely to be efficacy, time of onset, safety and tolerability profile, reliability, convenience of dosing, price and reimbursement.

        There is a risk that chronic dosing of patients with zilucoplan may lead to an immune response that causes adverse reactions or impairs the activity and/or efficacy of the drug. Patients may develop an allergic reaction to the drug and/or develop antibodies directed at the drug. Impaired drug activity could be caused by neutralization of the drug’s inhibitory activity or by an increased rate of clearance of the drug from circulation. For example, one potential side effect of zilucoplan that has occurred in patients receiving eculizumab, a humanized antibody against C5, is an increased incidence of meningococcal infections as a result of inhibition of the terminal complement system in a manner similar to zilucoplan. As a result, patients receiving zilucoplan will also require immunization with a meningococcal vaccine and potentially prophylactic antibiotics. Despite these measures, there can be no assurance that patients in our long-term extension trial or future trials of zilucoplan will not experience incidents of meningococcal infection or thromboembolic events.