Pediatric exclusivity is another type of non-patent marketing exclusivity in the U.S. and, if granted, provides for the attachment of an additional six months of marketing protection to the term of any existing regulatory exclusivity, including the non-patent and orphan exclusivity. This six-month exclusivity may be granted if an NDA sponsor submits pediatric data that fairly respond to a written request from the FDA for such data. The data do not need to show the product to be effective in the pediatric population studied; rather, if the clinical trial is deemed to fairly respond to the FDA’s request, the additional protection is granted. If reports of requested pediatric studies are submitted to and accepted by the FDA within the statutory time limits, whatever statutory or regulatory periods of exclusivity or patent protection cover the product are extended by six months. This is not a patent term extension, but it effectively extends the regulatory period during which the FDA cannot approve another application.

In addition to this fasting triggers pathways that does simply do not get switched on by “only” doing CR.

Ishii, T. M., Takano, M., Xie, L. H., Noma, A. & Ohmori, H. Molecular characterization of the hyperpolarization-activated cation channel in rabbit heart sinoatrial node. J Biol Chem 274, 12835–9 (1999).

The supply of lactide/glycolide polymers plays a crucial role in the success of PLG-based drug-delivery products. Commercially manufactured PLG has been important in supplying the quantities needed for drug-delivery products, as well as ensuring that the PLG polymers have consistent and desired properties. 

Sun, Y. G. et al. Involvement of P311 in the affective, but not in the sensory component of pain. Molecular pain. 4, 23 (2008).

We have broad discretion in the use of our cash and cash equivalents and may not use them effectively.

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with “Item 3. Key Information—Selected Financial Data” above and our financial statements and related notes that appear elsewhere in this annual report. In addition to historical financial information, the following discussion contains forward-looking statements that reflect our plans, estimates and beliefs. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to these differences include those discussed below and elsewhere in this prospectus, particularly in the sections titled “Risk Factors” and “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”

Hoernlein, R. F. et al. Acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid induces apoptosis in HL-60 and CCRF-CEM cells and inhibits topoisomerase I. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 288, 613–619 (1999).

But then the FDA found, while testing material from all over, that valsartan manufactured by Hetero Labs of India (and sold as Camber Pharmaceuticals tablets) also had NMDA contamination, so the problem wasn’t just that one manufacturing source in China. This takes us up to late October, and that’s then things really started getting messy. Another drug in the same angiotensin II antagonist class as valsartan (irbesartan) was found to be contaminated, but this time with the N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) instead of the dimethyl compound. This was made by ScieGen, and again was repackaged under still more names. The API manufacturer for the ScieGen material was Aurobindo (of India), and they recalled material. Yet another compound in this class, losartan, turned out to have contaminated material also produced by ZHP, but since ZHP themselves had by that time already been placed on the FDA’s import restriction list, no more of that API was coming in.

Positively-charged surfaces on implants have a similar potential to upregulate osteogenesis of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) as electromagnetic therapy approved for bone regeneration. Generally, their osteogenesis functions are generally considered to stem from the charge-induced adhesion of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins without exploring the underlying surface charge/cell signaling molecule pathways. Herein, a positively-charged surface with controllable tertiary amines is produced on a polymer implant by plasma surface modification. In addition to inhibiting the TNF-α expression, the positively-charged surface with tertiary amines exhibits excellent cytocompatibility as well as remarkably upregulated osteogenesis-related gene/protein expressions and calcification of the contacted BMSCs. Stimulated by the charged surface, these BMSCs display high iNOS expressions among the three NOS isoforms. Meanwhile, downregulation of the iNOS by L-Can or siRNA inhibit osteogenic differentiation in the BMSCs. These findings suggest that a positively-charged surface with tertiary amines induces osteogenesis of BMSCs via the surface charge/iNOS signaling pathway in addition to elevated ECM protein adhesion. Therefore, creating a positively-charged surface with tertiary amines is a promising approach to promote osseointegration with bone tissues.

If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question indicate by check mark which financial statement item the Registrant has elected to follow: Item 17 ¨ Item 18 ¨

Eul, B. et al. Impact of HIF-1alpha and HIF-2alpha on proliferation and migration of human pulmonary artery fibroblasts in hypoxia. FASEB J. 20, 163–165 (2006).