Even if we establish infringement, the court may decide not to grant an injunction against further infringing activity and instead award only monetary damages, which may or may not be an adequate remedy. Furthermore, because of the substantial amount of discovery required in connection with intellectual property litigation, there is a risk that some of our confidential information could be compromised by disclosure during litigation. There could also be public announcements of the results of hearings, motions or other interim proceedings or developments. If securities analysts or investors perceive these results to be negative, it could adversely affect the price of shares of our common stock. Moreover, there can be no assurance that we will have sufficient financial or other resources to file and pursue such infringement claims, which typically last for years before they are concluded. Even if we ultimately prevail in such claims, the monetary cost of such litigation and the diversion of the attention of our management and scientific personnel could outweigh any benefit we receive as a result of the proceedings.

Eurand, N.V. (NasdaqGM: EURX ) Eurand is a specialty pharmaceutical company that develops, manufactures and commercializes enhanced pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical products based on its proprietary drug formulation technologies. Eurand has had four products approved by the FDA since 2001 and has a pipeline of product candidates in development for itself and its collaboration partners. Eurand’s technology platforms include bioavailability enhancement of poorly soluble drugs, customized release, taste-masking/fast-dissolving formulations and drug conjugation.

Wang, Y. Y., Qu, Y. L., Gong, P., Wang, P., Man, Y. & Li, J. D. Preparation and in vitro evaluation of chitosan bioelectret membranes for guided bone regeneration. J. Bioact. Compat. Pol. 25, 622–633 (2010).

Mr. Baharaff will also receive other benefits required under Israeli law or that are customary for senior executives in Israel such as confidentiality, reimbursement of expenses, payment for absence days, sick leave, pension and/or a manager’s insurance policy and study fund.

Using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay, we determined the binding of HIF-1α to the miR-322 promoter with and without CoCl2 treatment or with ODDD-wt/-mut overexpression. As shown in Fig. 3g, binding of HIF-1α to the HRE site increased in A7r5 cells, but HIF-2α binding did not exhibit any change. We validated the system by using antibodies against IgG or RNA polymerase II (Pol II) and primers for a region lacking HRE site (data not shown). The ChIP assays indicated that HIF-1α directly binds to the HRE site on the miR-322 promoter in vitro. Altogether, the results above demonstrated that miR-322 is transcriptionally regulated by the hypoxia-responsive factor HIF-1α in hypoxia.

Sato, M., Muragaki, Y., Saika, S., Roberts, A. B. & Ooshima, A. Targeted disruption of TGF-beta1/Smad3 signaling protects against renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction. The Journal of clinical investigation. 112, 1486–1494 (2003).

BMP Sunstone Corporation (NasdaqGM: BJGP ) is a specialty pharmaceutical company that is building a proprietary portfolio of branded pharmaceutical and healthcare products in China. Currently this portfolio includes eight products under exclusive multi-year licenses for China, primarily focused on women’s health and pediatrics. The Company also owns Sunstone Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., which manufactures leading pediatric and women’s health products, including two of China’s most recognized brands, "Hao Wawa" and "Confort," sold through approximately 50,000 pharmacies in China. The Company also provides pharmaceutical distribution services through its subsidiaries in Beijing and Shanghai, and through its affiliate, Guangzhou Pharmaceuticals Corp.

If we commence animal PK studies and formulation development in order to test the bioavailability of the Aramchol salt compounds, the results might not support the claims sought by us. Success in our earlier pre-formulation studies does not ensure that later studies will be successful, and the results of later studies may not replicate the results of our prior pre-formation studies. Furthermore, either or both of the animal PK and formulation development studies may fail to demonstrate that the Aramchol salts result in an improvement in solubility and bioavailability. Any such failure may cause us to abandon the Aramchol salt compounds and may delay development of other product candidates. If the animal PK studies do not support our claims, the completion of development of such potential product candidates may be significantly delayed or abandoned, which will significantly impair our ability to generate revenues and will materially adversely affect our results of operations.

Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, weighing 200–300 g, were used in the present study. The animals were kept at 25°C in a 12 h light-dark cycle. They had free access to food and water. All the experiments were performed following the policy approved by the National Institutes of Health Intramural Animal Use and Care Committee (IACUC-2012-047). All experimental procedures involving animals and their care were carried out in accordance with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals of the National Institutes of Health.

        In December 2018, we completed a follow on public offering of 9,645,161 shares of common stock, including the full exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase an additional 1,258,064 shares, at $15.50 per share and received aggregate net proceeds of $140.2 million, after deducting $9.0 million of underwriting discounts and commissions and approximately $0.3 million of offering expenses.

Bionomics Limited (ASX:BNO.AX) engages in the discovery and development of therapeutics for the treatment of cancer and disorders of the central nervous system in Australia. Its products under development include BNC 105, a vascular targeting agent for the treatment of cancer; BNO69 for cancer and other diseases; Kv1.3 Blockers for the treatment inflammatory disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis; BNC 210 for anxiety disorders; and GABA-A agonists for epilepsy. The company’s discovery and development activities are based on its three technology platforms: MultiCore, a technology that involves a suite of integrated synthetic methods that give access to complex drug-like molecules; IonX, an integrated platform of genomics discoveries and technologies for central nervous system drug discovery and development activities; and Angene, a drug discovery platform that incorporates various tools and models of angiogenesis for drug target validation and drug discovery in cancer and inflammation. It has partnerships with Merck Serono, Cancer Therapeutics Cooperative Research Center, Laboratory Corporation of America, Athena Diagnostics, and Genetic Technologies Limited.

Renaud, J. F. et al. Normal serum and lipoprotein-deficient serum give different expressions of excitability, corresponding to different stages of differentiation, in chicken cardiac cells in culture. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79, 7768–72 (1982).