the birth control pills, which are being used for over 60 years, contain a progestin/estrogen combination. The positive effect of this combination was serendipitously discovered because of contamination of the first clinical batches of the progestin norethynodrel, which had to be clinically tested as ‘pure’ progestin for birth control.

As far as C60 as a potent antioxidant, Mark has tried it, I have not, but I did do a self experiment 2 years ago. You are familiar of course with viagra which is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor and thus raises nitric oxide endothelial levels. This increase can also boost exercise endurance. So I took a pretty hefty dose and exercised with it, but then it always gave nasal congestion, headache, and flushing which I tried to eliminate with various high dose antioxidants. None of them worked at any dose except for one. Sangre de Drago is the highest rated antioxidant of any, with a sky high ORAC rating, and is literally blood red. In two minutes all of the nitric oxide effects completely vanished. It never failed.

        We have not recorded a provision for federal or state income taxes as we have had cumulative net operating losses since inception.

Once again it is Dr Rivas pointing us to this article.  Stool samples from 1,000 “extremely healthy” people of all ages were analyzed for RNA sequences associated with intestinal bacteria.  Their principal finding was that the composition of the bacteria depended more on health than on age.  There were major differences through childhood, and for people in their 20s, the bacterial colony was in a class by itself.  But after age 30, up through age 100, bacterial ecology of all the healthy individuals tended to look alike.

        Costs for assets not yet placed into service is capitalized as construction in progress. Maintenance and repair costs are expensed as incurred.

With regard to the NAD+/NADH ratio, does anyone know about betalapachone – I had it synthesized – and its effect on the NQO1 gene? I gave David Sinclair a 97% pure sample. He called it a “very interesting” substance.

I was thinking about cellular senescence the other day, and it occurred to me that cells are arrested all the time, say due to replication errors, or damage from ROS. When this happens there is effectively a battle between catabolism and anabolism – AMPK and FOXO (triggering autophagy)vs. MTOR and P21 (trying to continue growth and degrading mitos further). Unless the former can hold out long enough for DNA repair to be completed the cell will permanently become senescent, and there’s no way back from that (without telomerase or epigenetic reprogramming). So we can immediately see the importance of keeping low MTOR and ROS, and high AMPK, and possibly better DNA repair too. I think this process is happening all the time, with MTOR mainly winning, and it is just the robustness of the youthful immune system that removes this constant loss of functional to senescent cells. With time this changes in favour of senescent cell accumulation, and by the time this causes inflammation to rise too high, we get stem cell and telomere dysfunction too.

“Doesn’t the FDA have to approve all changes to manufacturing before the product can be sold?” – I don’t know the current regs, but back in the late 1980s, the FDA approved a change in Showa Denko’s synthesis and purification of L-tryptophan (sold as a nutriceutical) without a lot of investigation or testing. S-D had a long successful history making and selling T, so the FDA took their word for it.

Wei, J. H. S. S. & Yu-ping, H. Y. D. J. Effect of Extracts from Olibanum and Myrrha and Their Compatibility on Platelet Aggregation and Antithrombin Activity. Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae. 17, 160–165 (2011).

Zumaquero, E. et al. Exosomes from human lymphoblastoid B cells express enzymatically active CD38 that is associated with signaling complexes containing CD81, Hsc-70 and Lyn. Exp. Cell Res. 316, 2692–2706 (2010).

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder in order to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Commencement of our ARMOR Study is subject to the success of our planned end of Phase 2b meeting with the FDA and acceptance of our planned IND or foreign equivalent by the FDA and other regulatory authorities and even if commenced and completed, the outcome is inherently uncertain.