This was new to me.  Cyanobacteria have been around for 2.5 billion years, with the capacity to turn CO2 into O2.  But apparently it was not until 800-600 million years ago that the oxygen in the atmosphere approached present levels.

Our ability to become profitable depends upon our ability to generate revenue in excess of our expenses. To date, we have not generated any revenue, excluding the licensing revenue we recorded in connection with that certain Samil Agreement (as defined below), as our product candidate, Aramchol, is still in clinical development and has not been approved by the FDA, nor has any other product candidate. We do not know when, or if, we will generate any revenue from sales of Aramchol and any future product candidates, if any. We do not expect to generate revenue other than subsequent royalties and/or milestones that can be earned in connection with the Samil Agreement or other potential license agreements, unless and until we, or an ultimate third-party licensor or acquirer, obtain regulatory and marketing approval of, and commercialize, Aramchol, and any future product candidates. We will continue to incur significant research and development and general and administrative expenses related to our operations. We expect to continue to incur losses for the foreseeable future, which may be significant, and these losses will likely increase as we:

In response to the valsartan recall, André’s company is now conducting audits that zero in on the potential for any process to generate genotoxic impurities. So far, audits have found three problematic synthetic drug substances, says André. One of them is levocarnitine, synthesized from a probable carcinogen, epichlorohydrin. Depending on how it is synthesized, the compound may not only contain epichlorohydrin, but also traces of cyanide.

Bachem is continuously expanding and updating its extensive range of products for your research purposes. We are pleased to present our latest product additions, which include human C5a Anaphylatoxin, the deuterium-labelled octreotide analog ([ring-D5]Phe³) – Octreot

On January 28, 2019, FDA provided an update on the investigation into the presence of nitrosamine impurities, including N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and N-Nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), in some generic versions of angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) medicines, which treat high blood pressure and heart failure. According to FDA, while the risk to patients is low, these impurities are probable carcinogens and should not be present in drug products.

Hi I Aldebaran, AD is 2 hot disease with first hit being severe damage to micro vascular system. Second hit is amyloid cascDe with Tau. Late problem is microfilm activation which causes chronic inflammation which causes more damage. Want to lower activity microfilm not increase, but this late stage and will not help. I rate their chance for success less than zero.

As noted above, we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. If we were to pay dividends, we expect to pay such dividends in NIS. A dividend paid in NIS, including the amount of any Israeli taxes withheld, will be includible in a U.S. Holder’s income at a U.S. dollar amount calculated by reference to the exchange rate in effect on the date such dividend is received, regardless of whether the payment is in fact converted into U.S. dollars. If the dividend is converted to U.S. dollars on the date of receipt, a U.S. Holder generally will not recognize a foreign currency gain or loss. However, if the U.S. Holder converts the NIS into U.S. dollars on a later date, the U.S. Holder must include, in computing its income, any gain or loss resulting from any exchange rate fluctuations. The gain or loss will be equal to the difference between (i) the U.S. dollar value of the amount included in income when the dividend was received and (ii) the amount received on the conversion of the NIS into U.S. dollars. Such gain or loss generally will be ordinary income or loss and will be U.S. source income or loss for U.S. foreign tax credit purposes. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the tax consequences to them if we pay dividends in NIS or any other non-U.S. currency.

        Finally, we may rely, in some circumstances, on trade secrets to protect our technology. In particular, with the earlier patents expiring by 2022, we anticipate relying in part on trade secrets to protect the know-how behind our proprietary peptide chemistry platform. However, trade secrets can be difficult to protect. We seek to protect our proprietary technology and processes, in part, by entering into confidentiality agreements with our employees, consultants, scientific advisors, and contractors. We also seek to preserve the integrity and confidentiality of our data and trade secrets by maintaining physical security of our premises and physical and electronic security of our information technology systems. While we have confidence in these individuals, organizations, and systems, agreements or security measures may be breached, and we may not have adequate remedies for any breach. In addition, our trade secrets may otherwise become known or be independently discovered by competitors. To the extent that our consultants, contractors, or collaborators use intellectual property owned by others in their work for us, disputes may arise as to the rights in related or resulting know-how and inventions. For further information, please see "Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property."

HUVECs (5 × 105 cells/well) in 6-well plates were incubated with or without various concentrations of β-BA. The stimulated NO production was confirmed by laser confocal fluorescent microscopy using a specific dye: 4-amino-5-methylamino-20, 70-difluoro-fluorescein diacetate (DAF-FM DA) (Beyotime, Haimen, China). Optical density was read in a micro plate reader at 540 nm. Each experiment was performed in triplicate. Micrographs were taken by the confocal microscope.

(b)      Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

Rats’ carotid aortas were isolated, fixed in formalin (10%), processed for paraffin sectioning (3 mm thick) and stained with hematoxylin-eosin (H&E). The lumen of blood vessels, vascular walls and vascular endothelial cells of the carotid aortas were observed with microscope.

Emergent BioSolutions, Inc. (NYSE:EBS ) Emergent BioSolutions Inc. is a biopharmaceutical company focused on the development, manufacture and commercialization of immune-related biologic products, consisting of vaccines and therapeutics that assist the body’s immune system to prevent or treat disease. Emergent’s marketed product, BioThrax® (Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed), is the only vaccine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the prevention of anthrax infection. Emergent’s clinical pipeline includes programs focused on anthrax, botulism, typhoid, tuberculosis, hepatitis B and chlamydia.