Our commercial success will depend in part on obtaining and maintaining patent protection and trade secret protection of our current and future product candidates and the methods used to develop and manufacture them, as well as successfully defending these patents against third-party challenges. Our ability to stop third parties from making, using, selling, offering to sell or importing our products depends on the extent to which we have rights under valid and enforceable patents or trade secrets that cover these activities. We believe that our patents provide broad and comprehensive coverage for the use of Aramchol for the treatment of certain liver diseases and other metabolic diseases. However, the patent positions of biopharmaceutical companies, such as ourselves, are generally uncertain and involve complex legal and factual questions. Our ability to maintain and solidify our proprietary position for the technology will depend on our success in obtaining effective claims and enforcing those claims once granted. There is no certainty that any of the Company’s pending patent applications will result in the issuance of any patents. The issued patents and those that may be issued in the future, may be challenged, narrowed, circumvented or found to be invalid or unenforceable, which could limit our ability to stop competitors from marketing related products or the length of term of patent protection that we may have for our products. In addition, our competitors may independently develop similar technologies or duplicate any technology developed by us, and the rights granted under any issued or future patents may not provide us with any meaningful competitive advantages against these competitors. Furthermore, because of the extensive time required for development, testing and regulatory review of a potential product, before any of our products can be commercialized, any related patent may expire or remain in force for only a short period following commercialization, thereby reducing any advantage of such patent. For more risks associated with the protection of our licensed intellectual property, see “Item 3. Key Information—Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property.” 

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

That sounds probably legit to me. My guess would be oxidation to the iminium ion followed by hydrolysis. Nitrous acid does dealkylate some amines, as will some other oxidants sometimes i.e. strong nitric, strong chlorine sources etc. It is one of those things you won’t find in textbooks because it is pretty substrate dependent and hard to do efficiently.

Thymosin β4 reduces senescence of endothelial progenitor cells via the PI3K/Akt/eNOS signal transduction pathway.

        We are also exposed to market risk related to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. From time to time, we engage contract research organizations, or CROs, and investigational sites globally. We are therefore subject to fluctuations in foreign currency rates in connection with these engagements. We do not currently hedge our foreign currency exchange rate risk. As of December 31, 2018, we had minimal or no assets or liabilities denominated in foreign currencies.

Licensing revenue amounted to $1.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to $0.5 million of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2016. The above-mentioned revenue resulted from the amortization of the upfront payments under the Samil Agreement.

Evgenov, O. V. et al. NO-independent stimulators and activators of soluble guanylate cyclase: discovery and therapeutic potential. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 5, 755–768 (2006).

If applicable, the penny stock rules may make it difficult for investors to sell their ordinary shares. Because of the rules and restrictions applicable to a penny stock, there is less trading in penny stocks and the market price of our ordinary shares may be adversely affected. Also, many brokers choose not to participate in penny stock transactions. Accordingly, investors may not always be able to resell their ordinary shares publicly at times and prices that they feel are appropriate and the market price of our ordinary shares may be adversely affected.

ConjuChem Biotechnologies (TSX:CJB.TO) a developer of next generation medicines from therapeutic peptides, creates long-acting compounds based on its proprietary bioconjugation platform technology. The Company has two major development programs: PC-DAC(TM):Exendin-4, a GLP-1 receptor agonist in Phase II clinical development and PC-Insulin, a long-acting basal insulin in preclinical development.

Yokota, T., Terai, T., Kobayashi, T., Meguro, T. & Iwaki, M. Cell adhesion to nitrogen-doped DLCs fabricated by plasma-based ion implantation and deposition method using toluene gas. Surf. Coat. Tech. 201, 8048–8051 (2007).

Compugen Ltd. (NasdaqGM: CGEN ) Compugen is a leading drug and diagnostic product candidate discovery company. Unlike traditional high throughput trial and error experimental based discovery, Compugen’s discovery efforts are based on in-silico (by computer) prediction and selection utilizing a growing number of field focused proprietary discovery platforms accurately modeling biological processes at the molecular level. The resulting product candidates are then validated through in vitro and in vivo experimental studies and out-licensed for further development and commercialization under various forms of revenue sharing agreements. Compugen’s current collaborations include Biosite, Medarex, Inc., Merck & Co., Inc., Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics (a Johnson & Johnson company), Roche, Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics, Inc., and Teva Pharmaceutical Industries.

Cell Genesys, Inc. (NasdaqGM: CEGE ) Cell Genesys is a biotechnology company that was focused on the development and commercialization of novel biological therapies for patients with cancer. Cell Genesys is headquartered in South San Francisco, California, and has manufacturing operations in Hayward, California.