芳香化酶抑制剂自2004年以来稳步增长，市场份额扩大。2008年销售额35亿美元，2004年仅13亿美元。年增速26.7%。关键产品有Arimidex, Femara和Aromasin。预计预测期内仍将维持增长，2013年销售额达46亿美元，复合增速4.6%。阿斯利康的Arimidex专利到期是增速放缓的原因。芳香化酶抑制剂占激素市场的37.8%，预计2013年底将占到43.5%。

The EMA also recently issued a reflection paper to provide guidance on drug development in the field of NASH. However, the EMA indicated, among other things, that both resolution of NASH without worsening of fibrosis and improvement in fibrosis without worsening of NASH would both be required as intermediate endpoints for demonstrating statistical significance for stage 2 and 3 fibrosis.

选择性雌激素受体调节剂市场2004至2008年年降低2.5%。2008年规模为5.26亿美元，占激素治疗市场的5.8%。

Well, any synthetic organic chemist will look at the situation and decide that (1) there’s a process chemistry issue, (2) it seems to apply to common chemical features of the “sartan” angiotensin II antagonists, and (3) it could well be related to some change in the synthetic conditions, because this all didn’t seem to be a problem before. And these are indeed the case, but the details don’t make anyone look particularly good. The common feature, in this case, is the synthesis of the tetrazole ring common to all the sartans. And the change apparently was a solvent switch to dimethylformamide (or presumably diethylformamide, in the cases where NDEA is the contaminant?) The dialkylformamides are often contaminated by small amounts of the corresponding dialkylamines, and they are well known to break down to give those (slowly) under heating.

Also, DMF decomposes to Me2NH and CO and H2O if you heat stuff in it too high. Dimethylacetamide does not have this problem, and it is also much easier to deal with than NMP.

And activating repair mechanism (Example: a-msh analogs activating the MCR—1 which activates NER in keratinocyte, whitout them being exposed to uv) keratin plays an important role in protecting epithelial cells)

As a result of the dose response pattern observed in the ARREST Study, we recently conducted a Phase I, open-label, two-period, randomized, crossover PK study to assess whether dose splitting of Aramchol 600mg to twice daily 300mg will significantly increase plasma levels. 16 healthy subjects took part in two study periods. Eight subjects received each regimen in the first period and the alternate regimen in the second period. A PK profile was obtained over the dosing interval at steady state on day ten of each period.

The testing and approval process requires substantial time, effort and financial resources, and we cannot be certain that any approvals for Aramchol or any future product candidates will be granted on a timely basis, if at all.

The salicin in White willow bark extracts is supposed to be gentler on the stomach than acetylsalicylic acid.

Biotie Therapies Corp. (Finland: BTH1V) is a drug discovery and development company focused on central nervous system and inflammatory diseases. It has a broad range of innovative small molecule and biological drug candidates at different stages of clinical and pre-clinical development. Biotie’s products address diseases with high unmet medical need and significant market potential, including addiction and psychotic disorders, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The most advanced product, nalmefene for alcohol dependence, is currently in phase III clinical development by licensing partner H. Lundbeck A/S.

I don’t think the brain of a naked mole rat is slower than the brain of a typical rat but the naked mole rat live for about 30 years while the typical rat live for 3 years.

美国市场：2008年美国市场将近32亿美元。美国市场是最活跃的市场。预测期呃逆美国市场预计增速放缓，2013年销售额35亿美元，占据全球市场的33.6%。仿制药的增加和医疗保险的改变导致增速放缓。